Liaodong area is the birthplace of Manchu, and it is still the place where Manchu people live. Among the numerous Manchu surnames in Liaodong, people in Manchu settlements usually take the eight Manchu surnames of Tong, Guan, Ma, Suo, He, Fu, Na and Lang as Chen Manzhu's surnames and call them "Manchu Eight Surnames" at the same time. However, Manchu surnames, commonly known as the eight major surnames, are China surnames that have been used and changed since the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Historically, they are the direct descendants of Nuzhen and the Manchu ancestors who entered Liaodong area in the early days.
1. Tong's. Members of the Zhou Tong family in Foshan are distributed in various areas of Liaodong. Modern place names, such as Tongjiajiang, Tong Jia, Tong Jia and Tong Jia, are all places where they lived. The same surname or surname and surname are Manchu surnames and homonyms, all of which originated in Tong Jia. Tong Jia's surname was Tong Jiashi in the early Qing Dynasty. Tong, Tong and Tong are homonyms in Chinese characters, all of which are Oracle surnames, which evolved into surnames in Korean historical materials. Historically, this surname has been used by the Qing Taizu Nurhachi and his predecessors, and it has also been recorded in historical materials, such as "Yilan Doumanjia Wenmengge Timur, Tongfancha, Tongjiaochang, Tongtashi and Tongnurhachi". From the above, we can see that today's descendants of the Jurchen in Jianzhou, Tong, Tong's surname and Han's surname, are all Jurchen Oracle surnames from the Jin Dynasty.
2. Guan clan. The Manchu-Qing Guan family name evolved from the Jurchen surname Guarga before the Qing Dynasty to the Han surname. Kor in Manchu, translated into Chinese, is "pavilion" and "pavilion", and can also be translated into "residence". The Guarga family is a family with a large population and a very prominent historical position in Liaodong area in the early Qing Dynasty. The clan changed the Han surname to Guan surname, which was changed after the middle of Qing dynasty and has been used ever since.
3. Ma nationality. In Liaodong area, Manchu horse surnames are divided into two different blood groups: Han flag bearer and Manchu flag bearer. Because two different blood groups have the same surname of China and live in Liaodong area, it is very easy to be confused in bloodline. The Ma surname of Han Junqi refers to the original Han clan who joined the Manchu community because of surrendering prisoners and other reasons in the middle and early Qing Dynasty. After they were incorporated into the Eight Banners of the Han Army by the Manchu National Community, they also compiled genealogy like all the clans in the Eight Banners of Manchuria, and in the process of compiling genealogy, they added the word "Jia" to their horse surname to form a vest family, which made it difficult for the world to distinguish who was the descendant of Jurchen and who was the descendant of the Han people in the Central Plains.
4. Clans with surnames. The Manchu dynasty locked the surname and was crowned in the late Qing dynasty. Previously, the Manchu surname of the clan was Sochuluo. According to the genealogy of Suochuluo, the clan "originally lived in Changbai Mountain, and moved to Xiuyan and Xingjing in Liaodong during the Kangxi period". However, the Eight Banners Manchu Genealogy records: "Sochuluo is a surname. Their clans are scattered in Huifa and other places. " Song Guotuo (Songwutu), the ancestor of Suo family in Liaodong, was a native of Nimacha, Heilongjiang Province, before Suo Chuluoshi settled in Huifa River valley in the middle of Ming Dynasty. Nuzhen, who originally lived in Feihewei and Hewei, benefited from the Richter scale, just like Nimacha people.
Nimacha is a transliteration of the Jurchen language Nimaha. Nimaha belonged to Nuzhen Nipeng Gubu in the Jin Dynasty, and her surname was Niwengugu. In the Jin Dynasty, the translated Chinese surname was Yu. It should be pointed out that as far back as the Jin Dynasty, NimMongolia was translated into Chinese as a fish, and today's Manchu Nimaha has also been translated into Chinese as a fish, and the semantics have not changed. To sum up, the surnames of the Sochuluo clan have evolved since the Jin Dynasty, adopting Niyanggou, Nimaha, Idd richter and Sochuluo successively, and finally adopting the Chinese surnames with polysyllabic surnames, which have been in use ever since.
5. He clan. He is one of Manchu surnames in Liaodong area. He and He both evolved from the Manchu surname Hesse Rihara, taking their initials and adding the surname of China. They are homonyms. Hersairihala clans are distributed all over Liaodong, and genealogy records all clans comprehensively. The genealogy records the migration and origin of his family in detail. He was crowned with the Chinese character He surname in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Guangxu period. Before that, his last name was Herseri Hala.
6. The Fu family. Today, Fu Shi and Fu Shi of Manchu in Liaodong are descendants of the same primitive Manchu surname Fu Cha. Between symbols, there are only homophones when using Chinese characters. Manchu surname is a Han surname adopted at the end of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty. It imitates the cultural customs of the Han nationality and takes the first syllable of its Manchu disyllabic surname, Fu, Fu.
7. That surname is clan. That Manchu is the seventh of the eight surnames of Manchu in Liaodong. The surname comes from the Manchu disyllabic surname Nala. Nala is bounded by the Nala River basin where the clan lived in history, and is crowned by the name of the river. Although Nala was a Manchu surname, in the Ming Dynasty, the clans were scattered in Yehe, Wula, Hada, Huifa and other places. The historical records of Nora's surname record: "Although they are surnames, each is a family". In this way, the historical records confirmed that the Nuzhen surname Nala in Ming Dynasty was not a clan.
8. Langshi clan. Shi Lang Manchu is a China surname crowned by Niu Youlu, a Manchu. The time when they first crowned China's surname is recorded in their genealogy as the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. Lang's surname was changed from Niuhulu Manchu Nihehe to Lang, which was used as a surname. This surname is a Chinese translation of Manchu. Niu Luyou, "Originally a Manchu place name, I thought it was my surname". Clans live in Changbai Mountain, Yin Ge and other places. In the Qing Dynasty, the members of the Niuyou Lushi family were "numerous officials", and the founding father of the Qing Dynasty was also a member of the Niuyou Lushi family in Shi Lang, Liaodong Manchu. From the Jin and Yuan Dynasties to the present, only the female Xilie clan evolved into the Niuyou Lushi clan in the early Ming Dynasty, and then the Niuyou Lushi clan was translated into Chinese and regarded as the family crown.
To sum up, due to different regions, the evolution of surnames in Liaodong Manchu inhabited areas is not the same in history, and the eight surnames referred to in general are not the same. In some places, Tong, Guan, Ma, Suo, Ye, Fu, Na and Lang are listed as the eight major surnames. In other places, Ye's surname was replaced by Qi's surname and added to the top of the eight surnames. However, the eight surnames mentioned in this paper are eight representative surnames in Liaodong area and eight Manchu clans formed by the descendants of Nuzhen in Jin Dynasty, which are regionally representative. They can directly dabble in the fishing, hunting, gathering and migration life of Manchu ancestors, reveal the social development in various historical periods, and finally reflect the inevitable historical result of national cultural integration.