Beijing Tianqiao, Tianjin Quanyechang and Nanjing Confucius Temple are generally believed to have been formed in Xianfeng and Tongzhi years of Qing Dynasty. It is a folk art form that makes the audience laugh by telling jokes or interesting questions and answers. It evolved from "Xiang Sheng" in the Song Dynasty. By the end of Qing Dynasty, crosstalk had formed modern characteristics and styles. Mainly in Beijing dialect, there are also "dialect crosstalk" in local dialects.

In the process of cross talk, we have absorbed the artistic advantages of ventriloquism and storytelling extensively, combined Zhuang and harmony, expressed truth, goodness and beauty with satirical jokes, made people laugh as the artistic feature, and took "speaking, learning, teasing and singing" as the main artistic means. There are three forms of performance: stand-alone performance, counterpart performance and group performance. Stand-up crosstalk is performed by actors and tells jokes; Crosstalk is two actors holding each other's hands and teasing each other. There are usually two categories: "one is the most important" and "one is the most important".

Crosstalk, also known as "group work", is performed by more than three actors. Traditional plays satirize all kinds of ugly phenomena in the old society and reflect all kinds of phenomena in life mainly through humorous narration. After liberation, in addition to continuing to carry forward the satirical tradition, there are also works praising new people and new things. There are more than 200 traditional songs, such as The Battle of Qin Qiong and Eight Horses Gua.

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Representative figure

Zhang Sanlu is the earliest crosstalk artist with written records. According to relevant records and speculation, Zhang Sanlu was originally an octagonal drum clown artist, and later switched to cross talk. His artistic career began in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty. The children's book "Follow the Fate" says: "Learning cross talk is like reviving Zhang Sanlu, and the copper mule is like winning three games."

Zhu Shaowen, the granddaddy of music (1829- 1904). A poor stage name is not afraid. He is a flag bearer of the Han army and his ancestral home is Shaoxing, Zhejiang. When he performed, the bamboo board on which he beat the beat was engraved with the words "All articles are not afraid of poverty, and five cars are poor in history".

During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, some crosstalk performers showed national integrity. Often arrested twice for satirizing the Japanese government. Zhang Shouchen publicly praised Ji Hongchang and others for their resistance to Japan and criticized the authorities' policy of non-resistance. It is also difficult for me to satirize the "base" of Tianjin police at that time.

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