Which dynasty was Bian Que? 1 Qin, Ming Yue (5th century BC-4th century BC), first name. He was a famous doctor in the era of the Yellow Emperor. When I was young, I worked as a "housekeeper" equivalent to the position of private hotel manager. The shopkeeper Sang Jun comes and goes from time to time, and the magpies respect him very much. Chang Sangjun also thought that Bian Que was sincere, modest and prudent, and very shrewd, so he privately passed on his medical skills: "I'm forbidden. I want to pass it on to the public, so I won't let it out." The magpie said to him, "honor". Xiaojun gave Bian Que the medicine in his arms and said, "Drink the water in the pool above for thirty days, and you should know things." . Since then, I have studied Huang Qi's art with Chang Sangjun as my teacher.
Bian Que's medical skill is superb, so people call him Bian Que, a legendary famous doctor in the ancient Xuanyuan era. According to historical records, he was a doctor in Bohai County, while Dr. Lu meant that he was born in Shandong. It can be seen that "Bian Que" is a general term for people with superb medical skills in ancient times. Qin Yueren is also called "Bian Que". According to the legend of the ancients, doctors cure diseases and save lives, and they bring health and happiness wherever they go, just like magpies bring good news. Therefore, the ancients called those doctors with superb medical skills and noble medical ethics "Bian Que". The doctor's name is Lu, and he was born in Shandong. He has excellent medical skills and profound knowledge. He traveled all over the country to save lives, so it is logical to be addressed as "Bian Que".
Bian Que is the originator of traditional Chinese medicine, and the world respects him as an imperial doctor. From Sima Qian's immortal Historical Records and some ancient books in the pre-Qin period, we can see that Bian Que's life is both true and legendary. Bian Que created the diagnostic methods of looking, hearing, asking and feeling, which laid the foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Bian Que lived in an era of rapid development of productive forces, drastic social changes and turbulence. It is also an era in which talents flow and emerge in large numbers. The competition mechanism in various countries has formed a social fashion of respecting talents and recruiting wise men. In order to enhance their strength, all countries are collecting useful materials. Qin was located in the west of the country and was received by the governors of the Central Plains. In order to change this situation, several princes in Qin attached great importance to attracting talents from eastern countries. In order to recruit talents, Qin adopted the method of collecting talents, creating a place for all kinds of talents to display their talents. In addition to attaching importance to the talents who govern the country, Qin also respects doctors. "Zhuangzi Lieyukou" contains: "The king of Qin is ill, so he needs medical treatment. If you spend money and get sick, you will get more and more after you are cured. " Doctors are well paid, and famous doctors from all over the world come to Qin. It was in this situation that Bian Que became a native of A Qin.
Bian Que is good at internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, five sense organs and other disciplines, and is known as the originator of medicine by applying acupuncture, acupuncture, massage, decoction and blanching to treat diseases. Legend has it that he once saved Prince Guo. After Bian Que's death, Prince Guo thanked him for his reconstruction and buried his bones. The tomb is located in the east of Tsinghua Town, yongji city. When Bian Que was young, he was open-minded and eager to learn, and studied his medical skills assiduously. He applied his accumulated medical experience to ordinary people, traveled around the world, practiced medicine everywhere, and relieved people's suffering. Founder of TCM theory.
Because Bian Que has traveled around the world all his life and visited many places, there are some disputes about the birthplace of Bian Que. Ancient books recorded people from Sanchuan County (now tangyin county, Anyang City, Henan Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It's hard to say that Zhang Shoujie's "Historical Justice" in the Tang Dynasty quoted the Yellow Emperor's eighty-one: "(Qin Yueren) was born in Lu, and was named Doctor Lu." Lu, in today's Shandong Changqing. "Bohai County" is in the south-central and northwest of Shandong Province. "Zheng" is in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. The creation of a person's life includes: difficult menstruation and four diagnoses (namely, looking, smelling, asking and feeling).
Bian Que is good at using pulse-cutting, color-looking, listening, shape-writing, acupuncture, stone-pressing, steaming and ironing, massage and other diagnosis and treatment methods. He was once known as the founder of famous doctors in internal medicine, surgery, otorhinolaryngology, down jacket (gynecology), pediatrics and other disciplines. He is the author of classic medical works such as Bian Que Neijing, Bian Que Waijing and Difficult Classics, and his medical skills are quite profound. Later, jealous of Qin Wuwang's doctor Li Yi, he sent someone to assassinate Li Yi.
Bian Que's greatest contributions in his life are as follows: ① His study and medical career were the earliest, which laid the foundation for the establishment and development of traditional medicine in China, so he was called the "medical ancestor"; (2) Adhere to materialism, believe in medicine and oppose witchcraft. Therefore, there is a warning that "believe in witches but not doctors, and six cures will not heal." (3) He has a deep foundation. At that time, the praise circulating in the society said: "Bian Que is the most alive and dead person in the world"; ④ Have lofty medical ethics. Travel around the world to cure diseases for the people and never have fun in suffering; On the contrary, he was never afraid of power. After four consultations with Henghou, he finally gave up and died, which not only reflected his humanitarian duty as a doctor, but also showed that he dared to fight against power. Therefore, there is a saying that "arrogance, no management, can't be cured"; He is honest, always modest and prudent, and never prides himself on his excellent medical skills and despises others.
Further reading
According to historical records, the original name is Qin, the word is slow, and it is also known as Doctor Lu. He was born around the first year of King Zhou An (40 1 BC) and died in Zhou Nanwang for five years (3 10 BC). According to legend, it was on the way to Lishan North after Qin's treatment.
But there has always been controversy about which dynasty Bian Que came from:
"Bian Que" was originally a famous doctor in the ancient Xuanyuan period, and later generations took him as Qin Yueren; However, during the whole Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in fact, many famous doctors were praised as "Bian Que" by the people, and Sima Qian mistakenly thought it was the same person when collecting folk oral historical materials.
For example, Records of the Historian and Biography of Taicang mentioned that they had treated Prince Guo, (Zeng Mingdian Qi Huangong) and others respectively (later assassinated by Li Yi, a doctor who cured too much). There are three kingdoms in history, and the latest one was destroyed 655 years ago. Jin was in power from 53 1 to 526; Cai Huangong reigned from 374 to 357; Qin Wuwang was in power from 3 10 BC to 307 BC, with a historical span of 300-400 years from the early Spring and Autumn Period to the end of the Warring States Period.
It is generally believed that Bian Que, whose real name was Qin Yueren, was more likely to live in Cai Huangong and Qin Wuwang in the middle and late Warring States period. There were at least two other imperial doctors who were praised as ""by people at that time, who lived in the first 700- 650 years (middle and early Spring and Autumn Period) and the first 53 1-526 years (late Spring and Autumn Period) (Lieyukou, the author of Liezi, was a Zheng man and died in North Korea in 376), so Liezi mentioned that
Bian Que is the first ancient physician with a formal biography in the history of China. He made great contributions to the development of ancient medicine in China, so he was regarded as "the founder of medicine" by later doctors. There are various myths and legends about Bian Que's deeds since ancient times. According to Records of the Historian, the surname is Qin and Ming Yue, also known as "Zhengren of Bohai County". He was the head of a hotel when he was young.
Among the guests, an old man named Chang Sangjun was good at medicine, and Bian Que learned superb medical skills from him. On one occasion, when passing by the State of Guo (now Shaanxi County, Henan Province), I met the prince of Guo who died suddenly. After diagnosis, Bian Que thought that the prince collapsed and didn't die, so he used acupuncture, hot compress and other methods to make the prince wake up soon. That's why people often say "coming back to life". Bian Que is also the founder of pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine. He can comprehensively use the four diagnostic techniques of traditional Chinese medicine, such as pulse-taking, color-looking, hearing and shape-writing (inquiry) to diagnose diseases. Sima Qian once said in Historical Records: "Up to now, Bian Que is the man who takes care of the world." However, such a legendary and famous medical scientist, his life time and his hometown, have always been the topic of long-term debate in academic circles.
Historical Records records Bian Que's life story in detail. In Biography of Bian Que, there are also some fragmentary records in other ancient books, such as The Warring States Policy, Han Feizi, Liezi, Biography of Chinese Poetry, Shuoyuan and so on. However, if we analyze and study all the records about Bian Que in the history books, we will immediately find two problems: The earliest record about Bian Que's deeds is Han Feizi. Yu Lao: In the sixth year of Zhou Huanwang (first 7 14), Bian Que saw Cai Huanhou's disease; The latest record is the Warring States policy. Qin Ce: Five years ago in Zhou Nanwang (365,438+00 years ago), Bian Que was diagnosed with Qin Wuwang's disease. The time between them is 400 years. Judging from the deeds recorded in Historical Records, it takes about 130 years from Li (5 19) to Hou Li (384). According to historical records, it is "Zheng Bohai County". However, according to relevant historical records, there was only "Yanzhou" in ancient Bohai County, and there was no place name "Zheng", which was another reason. This is the historical background of "The Mystery of Bian Que".
For a long time, ancient and modern scholars have been looking for the answer to this historical mystery, but they have never reached an agreement. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ying Jin, the author of Custom Yi Tong, thought: Hanshu. Yi Wen Zhi recorded the prescription of Bian Que, the Huangdi of Taishi, who took the jade belt prescription, so Bian Que was the doctor of Huangdi. Fu Xuan, a scholar in the Jin Dynasty, thought it was a person before the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. Born in the Qing Dynasty, he said in Historical Records (XXIII): "Yu Kao and Shuo Yuan are Zhao, and his son is Zhao. He thinks Guo should belong to Zhao, not to the early Warring States period.
As for Bian Que's hometown, The History of Han, Yi Wen Zhi and Shuo Yuan are both based on the theory of "upright man" in Historical Records. The Jin Dynasty believed that there was no Zheng in the Bohai Sea and Zhu in the river. Therefore, "Zheng" should be the fault of "Zhu". Many people say so today, too. Yang Xiong of the Western Han Dynasty wrote in "Fa Yan". In the "Heavy Rites", it is said: "Those who are, Lu people are also". Since then, he has paid close attention to the Warring States policy. Qin Ce, Zhao Wei's Notes on Hanshu. In the Ji of Emperor Gao, Bian Que was also called "Lu".
Among modern scholars, some people think that Bian Que lived in the early or middle period of the Spring and Autumn Period, some people think that it was the early or middle period of the Warring States Period, and some people think that it was the late Warring States Period. As for Bian Que's hometown, it is considered as Yangzhou's, Zhengzhou's (now Zhengzhou, Henan Province), Bohai County's and Zhengzhou's. Some people even think that Bian Que is from Qiguo Road (now Changqing County, Shandong Province).
Lu Nanqiao said in "On Ancient Scientific and Technological Figures in Shandong Province": Ancient famous doctors took their surnames as their names and took Zhao as their names. He was born at the end of the Warring States Period, specifically, from Qi Huangong to Qin Wuwang (357-307 BC). Bian Que's hometown is neither Zhengzhou nor Yanzhou, but Bohai (Qi) Lu (now Changqing County, Shandong Province).
In the article A Textual Research on Bian Que's Activities (Miscellaneous Examination of Traditional Chinese Medicine No.4 1980), Lang Xu Cai thinks that according to his textual research and comparative study of the records of "Bian Que looking at Huan Hou" and "Bian Que visiting Zhao Jianzi" in the history books, and the archaeological excavation materials of Prince Guo's tomb by archaeologists, the age of Bian Que is probably the 7th century BC, that is,
The History of Chinese Medicine (Textbook) edited by Zhen believes that Bian Que was a person who lived in the 5th century BC, that is, in the early Warring States period, and his hometown should be Yizhou, Bohai County (that is, Yizhou Town, Renqiu County, Hebei Province).
In this way, the issue of Bian Que's birth and death year and hometown is indeed a historical unsolved case that needs further study.