It goes without saying that no nation will willingly surrender its sovereignty, and it is impossible for any aggressor to easily seize these "privileges" just through "friendly exchanges." In fact, before every important unequal treaty was concluded, colonialism and imperialism used warships and cannons to achieve their goals through brutal means of blood and fire and brutal military aggression. Therefore, behind every unequal treaty, there is a tragic story full of China people's blood and tears. From a series of treaties and agreements imposed on China by western powers, we can clearly see: Why is China in a low position as a country? China people as a nation why low!
The weak Qing dynasty, under the threat of power, can only be slaughtered and unable to resist. More than 1 100 unequal and shameful treaties were signed. Among them, more than 40 treaties are deeply affected. There are many rules and regulations that can be learned. Since ancient times, diplomacy has always been about strength. It's pitiful that the strong are closed to the outside world. The Qing Dynasty signed more than 1 100 unequal and shameful treaties. Among them, more than 40 treaties are deeply affected. There are more than forty here.
Date of signing the land-lost compensation of China signatory to the peace treaty
1. Sino-British Guangzhou and Yu Baochun 6.7 million 27-5-1841;
2. Sino-British Treaty on Senior Citizens in Nanjing, Hibry 2 1, 229-8-1842;
3. Sino-British treaty of nanking Supplementary Provisions Senior Citizens 22-7-1843;
4. Sino-British Humen Treaty on Senior Citizens 8-10-1843;
5. Sino-US Wang Xia Treaty on Senior Citizens 3-7-1844; 6. Sino-French Huangpu Treaty on Senior Citizens 24-10-1844;
7. Sino-Russian 600,000 square kilometers Yishan Treaty 28-5-1858;
8. Sino-Russian Tianjin Treaty Gui Liang, Wasana13-6-1858;
9. Sino-US Tianjin Treaty Gui Liang, Wasana18-6-1858;
10. Sino-British Tianjin Treaty, Gui Liang, Wasana 26-6-1858;
1 1. Sino-French Tianjin Treaty Gui Liang, Wasana 27-6-1858;
12. The Sino-British Tianjin Treaty supplements Gui Liang 8-11-1858;
13. Sino-British Beijing Treaty Yixin13 million 24-10-1860;
14. Sino-French Beijing Treaty Yixin 25-10-1860;
15. The Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty covers more than 400,000 square kilometers? 4- 1 1- 1860;
16. About the northwest border between China and Russia: 440,000 square kilometers in Yi Ming10-7-1864;
17. Former US Secretary Pu Jan 7-28-1868;
18. The articles of association of the new Sino-British treaty are unknown 23-10-1869;
19. Sino-Japanese reconciliation treaty Li Hongzhang13-8-1871;
20. Sino-Japanese Beijing Treaty Yixin 31-10/874;
2 1. Sino-British Yantai Treaty Li Hongzhang13-9-1876;
22. Sino-Russian Rivakia Treaty Chonghou 2-10-1879;
23. Sino-Russian Ili Treaty, Ceng Jize, 70,000 square kilometers, 24-2-1881;
24. Li Hongzhang11-5-1884;
25. Sino-Japanese Tianjin Treaty Li Hongzhang18-4-1885;
26. The Sino-French New Testament Li Hongzhang 9-6-1885;
27. The Sino-British Yantai Treaty Extension Treaty is unknown 9-6-1885;
28. Sino-Portuguese Beijing Treaty □1-12-1887;
29. Sino-British India-Tibet Treaty was promoted to Thailand17-3-1890;
30. Sino-US South China University of Technology Treaty Yang Ru 7-3-1894;
3 1. Chinese and Japanese treaty of shimonoseki Li Hongzhang sent 220 million yuan to 7-4-1895, the island of Taiwan Province Province, a Ryukyu dependency;
32. Sino-Japanese Southern Liaoning Treaty Li Hongzhang 30 million 28-1-1895;
33. Sino-Russian secret agreement Li Hongzhang 3-6-1896;
34. Sino-German Jiaoao Lease Treaty Li Hongzhang 6-3-1896;
35. Liszt Hong Chapter 9-6-1898 of the Sino-British Treaty on the Extension of the Hong Kong Border;
36. Eight-Nation Alliance Xin Chou Treaty Li Hongzhang 1, 222,702 7-9-1901;
37. China and Britain renewed the India-Tibet Treaty, and Lashengal increased by 7-9-1904;
38. Sino-Japanese Conference [Manchuria Recovery Treaty] 22-12-1905;
Article 21 Sino-Japanese Treaty, Lu Zhengxiang 9-5-1915;
40. Sino-Japanese military agreement □ Peng Yun16-5-1918; The information comes from Ci Hai and Betraying China.
1. Xin Chou paid 450 million taels of compensation, one tael per China. Paid off in 39 years, with an annual interest rate of 4%, plus the interest of mother and child, totaling about one billion two kuping silver. In addition, civil compensation is more than 20 million yuan. Guaranteed by customs duties and salt taxes. Since then, China has lost its tariff sovereignty, and its domestic industry has never recovered.
2. The above is the more important treaty information collected.
3. The Sino-US Extension Treaty was signed privately by the former American special envoy Pu Chen An without the consent of the China administration. At that time, he was China's consultant.
4. It is also necessary to estimate the purchasing power of the currency at that time, which may be a hundred times or a thousand times that of the current currency.
5. The disaster imposed on China by foreign powers is endless, please be careful.
According to the archives of Aihui History Exhibition Hall, the Beijing Treaty lost more than 400,000 square kilometers of territory. More than 200,000 square kilometers of the outer Mongolia border were looted. With the independence of Outer Mongolia, China lost about 330 square kilometers of territory.
According to the records in Ci Hai, according to the content of Beijing Treaty, the northwest boundary can only be divided and recorded. Therefore, the two treaties lost land only once, that is, 440,000 square kilometers (I don't know which is in line with historical facts).
Specific contents of major treaties with the greatest losses and the most cruel plunder:
1. 1842 The main contents of the Chinese and English treaty of nanking are: ① cutting Hong Kong Island to Britain; (2) Compensation of 2 1 ten thousand silver dollars; (3) Opening Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai as trading ports; (4) The taxes paid by British businessmen in importing and exporting goods shall be agreed by both sides.
2. Sino-Russian Sino-American Sino-British Sino-French 1858 Tianjin Treaty. The main contents are as follows: ① The Foreign Minister is stationed in Beijing. ② Ten trading ports including Niuzhuang (later changed to Yingkou), Danshui, Hankou and Nanjing were added. Foreign warships and merchant ships can sail freely in the Yangtze River port. Foreigners can travel, trade and preach in Chinese mainland. ⑤ The Qing government compensated Britain and France for 2 million taels of military spending and British businessmen for 2 million taels of silver.
Three. 1860 the main contents of the Beijing treaty between China and Britain are as follows: ① the Qing government recognized the validity of the Tianjin treaty; ② Opening Tianjin as a commercial port; (3) The first division of Kowloon was ceded to Britain; (4) Allow Britain and France to recruit Chinese workers to go abroad; (5) The reparations to Britain and France increased to 8 million taels each.
IV. 1895 Main contents of the treaty of shimonoseki between China and Japan: (1) China ceded Taiwan Province Province and all its affiliated islands, Penghu Islands and Liaodong Peninsula to Japan; (2) Compensation for Japan's military expenditure of 220 million silver, equivalent to the total economic income of the Qing Dynasty for five years at that time. (3) Open Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as commercial ports, and Japanese ships can sail into these ports along inland rivers; (4) The Japanese are allowed to set up factories at the trading ports in China, and the products are shipped to the mainland of China without domestic tax.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) 190 1 The main content of the "Xin Chou Treaty" signed by the Qing government with Britain, the United States, Russia, Germany, Japan, Austria, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium in: (1) China paid 452 million silver, which will be paid off in 39 years. (2) Beijing Dongjiaominxiang is designated as the boundary of the embassy, which is protected by garrisons of various countries, and China people are not allowed to live. (3) Dismantle all forts from Beijing to Dagu, and allow foreign troops to be stationed in important places along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan. (4) Punish the officials who participated in the anti-imperialist struggle in the Boxer Movement, and forever prohibit the people of China from organizing or participating in anti-imperialist organizations. Officials who failed to suppress the anti-imperialist movement were immediately dismissed and never used. (5) The Foreign Affairs Office of the Prime Minister was changed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the previous six departments were listed separately. (6) modify the agreement. The Qing government agreed to amend the content of the treaty of commerce and navigation, so as to facilitate the imperialist invasion and expansion of China.
6.1The Sino-Russian Treaty of Benefit signed on May 28, 858 stipulated that more than 600,000 square kilometers of vast and rich territory south of Xing 'an Mountains, except the north of Heilongjiang, would be ceded to Russia. At the same time, it is also stipulated that 400,000 square kilometers of land east of the Wusuli River will be jointly managed by China and Russia. Two years later, condominium was cancelled by Russia, and 400,000 square kilometers of land fell into the hands of Russia. Engels once said that "a river with the size of France and Germany and the length of the Danube" belongs to Russia.
19 15 The main contents of the "Twenty-one Articles" in China are as follows: Article 1 consists of four articles, requiring Japan to inherit all the rights and interests of Germany in Shandong and expand them. The second part consists of seven articles, demanding recognition of Japan's special rights in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia. Japan extended the lease term of Lushun, Dalian, Nanman and Anfeng railways to 99 years. There are two articles in Circular No.3, which require Hanyeping Company to be transformed into a Sino-Japanese joint venture, and China is not allowed to handle it by itself. Circular 4 requires that all harbors and islands along China's coast shall not be leased or ceded to other countries. There are seven articles in Circular No.5, which requires the Japanese government to hire Japanese as political, military and financial consultants, and to jointly establish police and arsenal with China.
Is this enough? I even found something for you.