Zhang Yuanji (1867- 1959) was born in Shinohara. Haiyan, Zhejiang, is an outstanding publisher, publisher and bibliophile in modern China. In the 18th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1892), a scholar was born, and Jishi Shu was selected from imperial academy, who was succeeded by Zhang Jing, director of Guizhou Department of the Ministry of Punishment and head of the National Politics Department of the Prime Minister's yamen.
1898 was dismissed for participating in the Reform Movement of 1898, and then went to Shanghai to preside over the Translation Institute of Nanyang Public School.
190 1 invested in commercial press, served as editorial director, manager and supervisor, and 1926 later served as chairman.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he attended the People's Political Consultative Conference in China, was elected as a deputy to the National People's Congress, and was the director of the Shanghai Museum of Literature and History. Zhang Yuanji was born into a bibliophile family, and his sixth ancestor, Zhang Zongsong, was famous for his books. In the Qing dynasty, the collection of books was lost due to the war. Since his youth, Zhang Yuanji has established the ambition of "inheriting the legacy of the past". After years of searching, * * * collected 104 kinds of books and prints in the original park. When he was the director of the compilation institute in the Commercial Press, he collected and purchased a large number of ancient books and established a library. In 1908, it was named Hanfen Building, and in 1926, it was expanded into the Oriental Library. Hanfen Building is specially used as a rare book library.
Zhang Yuanji is good at cataloging, editing and collating. He has published a collection of essays on school history and a collection of prefaces and postscripts on gardens. And compiled the bibliography of Bao Ting Song Shu Lu, Han Fenlou Ember Shu Lu and so on. In the early years of the Republic of China, Zhang Yuanji vowed to "revise history", collect rare books, and rearrange the printed history of ancient books to restore the original appearance of the official history of China.
He set up a editing and proofreading center near Hanfen Building, extensively searching for rare history books, and meticulously carving every word and page. Collation records of Twenty-four History of White Birds 100. He personally selected paper, supervised printing, and overcame difficulties such as social unrest, war, and repeated burning of original proofs. It took 18 spring and autumn to complete the editing and publishing of "Piece Together Twenty-four History". The grandeur of its project can be called "unprecedented and unprecedented".
There are 15 rare editions of Song Dynasty, 6 rare editions of Yuan Dynasty and 3 rare editions of Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, "Historical Records" selected letters from Song Huang Qingyuan and Fu Shan; Han Shu featured Song Jingyao's prints; The Book of Jin is complete with several Song engravings; The seven histories of the Southern and Northern Dynasties used the seven histories of Meishan in the Song Dynasty; Sui Shu, Southern History and Northern History were all printed by Yuan Dade. The Book of Old Tang Dynasty was printed by Shaoxing in Song Dynasty. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty is engraved with Song Jiayou; The History of the Old Five Dynasties has no biography, but a version compiled by the Qing people from Yongle Dadian. The New History of the Five Dynasties is engraved with Song Qingyuan, and the three histories of Song, Liao and Jin are all engraved with Yuan Zheng Zheng, which is the first edition. Yuan Shi was printed by Ming Hongwu; "History of the Ming Dynasty" uses the original edition of the Wuying Hall in Qinggan Long.
193365438+In February, the Commercial Press published a copy of Twenty-four History, which announced the proofreading process of ancient books for the first time, and announced the "bottom sample" and "clear sample" for comparison.
When photocopying ancient books, if the manuscript used is not printed for the first time, but printed many times, then the handwriting and strokes will inevitably be blurred or broken. If you can't find a clearer first print, you must polish it when copying. The so-called traceability means tracing and supplementing the fuzzy fault according to other versions. According to the introduction of Xunrun Biography, the most obscure original editions of Bai Qi Ben and Twenty-four History are the seven histories of the North and South carved in the Song Dynasty, and the collation work is very complicated. The tracking method is as follows
When shooting the original book, print it first and then sample it. The proofreader will only proofread the page number of the first page of the core volume. If there is something in the original book, change it; if there is nothing, change it; if it is lacking, change it; if it is salty, change it. The leaves are set. Beginners should wipe the dishes with chalk. No trespassing is allowed. Clean, proofread and chalk-stained words should be marked, and refined words should be corrected. The bottom sample text has ghosts, black eyes, overlapping marks and overflowing ink. Comb it, comb it with chalk. There is a broken pen, a missing pen, a weak pen, and a brush to make it up. Still not allowed to change words, doubts, lack of it, the left and right columns are ignored. After completing the intensive training, the proofreader will review it, and those who fail or fail will have gains and losses. Re-proofreading, take Wuying Temple edition, North-South Supervision edition, Pavilion edition and intensive leaf edition. All original or almost obliterated words, which were not written by the author during intensive training, or which are similar to each other, are classified as doubtful points. Take a book as a book and state what you have seen. The general school proofreads the original uncut leaves and all books with existing leaves, and revises the books on the school-based history of the ancients. If a word is correct, its shape error is actually caused by the gradual dyeing of ink or just the error of stippling, otherwise it is still old. If there are traces of missing or almost indelible words in the original version, it is better to add them. There were many missing words, and the original version was broken, so according to other writing, I wrote a few lines outside the column to make up. Copy those who have finished intensive reading, and use the original works for proofreading. One copy will be reviewed by the general school. So after painting, I took photos. Take a picture and fix it. Repair and plate making. Make a clear sample of the plate and then fine-tune it. There are mistakes, but I still remember what I suspected, but the general school. General school review, as in the above example. Fine-tuning is as little as two times and as much as five or six times. As a perfect printable product, the general school signs each leaf, records the year and month, and sends it to the factory for printing.
The patchwork edition, with its "retro" technique, has left a deep impression in the modern publishing history of China. An independent book, the whole process of photocopying Twenty-four History, together with the preserved samples of Twenty-four History, has also become a precious historical document.