Mustard ] belongs to Brassica of Cruciferae, and is a diploid compound species formed by natural hybridization between A genome (Brassica nigra L.) and B genome (Brassica rapa L.) in Brassica. There are many kinds of mustard. Vegetable mustard includes root mustard, stem mustard, leaf mustard and mustard besides oil mustard, among which stem mustard includes stem mustard, bud mustard and seed mustard. There are many variation types of mustard. Mustard is one of the most diverse vegetable crops in Cruciferae. Some types are only suitable for eating after processing, such as root mustard; Some types can be eaten fresh or processed, such as stem mustard, leaf mustard and mustard. Bamboo shoots mustard and children mustard are generally suitable for fresh food, and a few varieties can also be used for processing; Mustard for stem is generally suitable for processing, a few varieties are only suitable for fresh food, and some varieties can be eaten fresh or processed. Mustard mustard tuber is one of the three largest pickles in the world, which is made of stem mustard tuber. Mustard is a unique vegetable in China.

Mustard is rich in nutrition. Take stem tumor mustard as an example: According to the data of Chinese Medical Association, every 100g fresh stem tumor mustard contains 40-80mg of vitamin C, 60-70 μ g of thiamine, 60- 180 μ g of riboflavin, 700-800 μ g of nicotinic acid and 2 10mg of calcium.

Mustard cultivation has a long history. As early as the 6th century BC, it was cultivated and recorded in writing in the 2nd century. Leaf mustard and oil mustard are widely distributed in China, root mustard is widely planted in the southwest and north, and bulbous mustard is mainly planted in the eastern coastal areas of Guangdong Province and Taiwan Province Province. Mustard for stem is mainly planted in Chongqing, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces, while mustard for children and mustard for bamboo are mainly planted in Sichuan and Chongqing. In recent years, bamboo shoots and mustard were introduced to the north for cultivation.

China has a vast territory, changeable terrain, complex and diverse climate types, diverse climatic zones, plains and mountainous plateaus, oceans and continents. Therefore, mustard in China, like other vegetables, has formed extremely rich and diverse germplasm resources under long-term natural and artificial selection. Since 1986, 30 scientific research and institutions have participated in the national key scientific and technological project of collecting, sorting, propagating, cataloguing and preserving vegetable germplasm resources. By the end of 2006, there were leaf mustard germplasm resources 103 1 share, stem mustard germplasm resources 196 share, root mustard germplasm resources 274 share, mustard germplasm resources 6 share and seed mustard germplasm resources 8 share.