What exactly is Nazi? Tell me about that history, thank you.

Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, usually refers to Germany in the period of 1933- 1945, when it was firmly controlled by the national socialist totalitarianism and fascist ideology with Adolf Hitler as the dictator.

Nazi is a simple form of German nationalism; The ideological system is related to Nazi or NSDAP in Deutsche Arbeiterpartei of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (National Socialist Party).

The Third Reich is Germany's Britannization of the German government. As a synonym of Nazi Germany, it means that land and people are compared with the government and its institutions. The terms were adopted by Nazi propaganda and counted as the first German government of the Holy Roman Empire,1871-1918 German Empire seconds, and its own regime was three. This is done to imply that after the failure of Weimar * * * and the country in 19 19, it will return to the suspected former glory of Germany.

The Third Reich is sometimes called the "Millennium German Government", and its founders intend to stand as it is for a thousand years-similar to the Holy Roman Empire. Nazi behavior tried to combine with Nazi symbols, while German traditional symbols tried to strengthen their own views. Therefore, the Nazis used the words "the Third Reich" and "the Millennium of the German government" to link the suspected glorious past with the imagined glorious future. At first, Hitler's plan seemed to be well realized. At its peak, the Third Reich controlled most of Europe. However, due to the defeat of the allied forces in World War II, the German government actually only lasted 12 years (from 1933 to 1945).

During their 12 rule, the Nazis sent huge troops in almost all continental European processes (except Switzerland, Sweden, Portugal and the land near the Urals). As part of it, the Nazis supported the idea that everyone was in a big Germany, and Berlin changed its name to Germany as its capital, and integrated the assumed pure German descent. This policy reflects that he abandoned his life in 1 1 10,000 ethnic minorities and other societies, and millions more were the direct or indirect results of the war. Chaos and poverty were caused by World War I, which made it easy for the Nazis to seize power and take advantage of his former enemies, who were not interested in more bloody battles.

Image-the symbol of Nazi Germany

Chronology of events

Weimar * * * and the Republic of China 1933 (including the events that led Hitler to become German Minister).

Gleichschaltung (a legal means used by the Nazis to establish their dictatorship)

World War II (focusing on military events)

Axial force

Prewar politics 1933- 1939

1October 30th, Hitler was appointed minister by President Paul von Hindenburg. After General Kurt Von Schleicher's failure to form a viable government and pressure from former Chanel. Even if the Nazis won the largest share of universal suffrage in the second parliamentary election of 1932, they did not have a majority in parliament.

A real change in strength

The new government established a dictatorship and quickly adopted a series of measures. 1On February 27th, 933, Herman G5oring wrote the music "Parliament Building on Fire", followed by the Parliament Building Fire Act, which abolished the corpus of habeas corpus and other protection laws. The next parliament building election will be held on March 5th, 1933, and 43.9% of the votes will be based on its slight plural number NSDAP. On March 23rd, 1933, the Parliament House passed the authorization bill (Erm5achtigungsgesetz) to nail the last nail to Weimar's coffin. This bill was formally based on Hitler's power governance, and in fact, it removed the remaining personnel in Weimar's constitution by decree and a * * *.

The further transformation of strength was realized on193465438+1October 30th with Neuaufbau des Reichs in Gesetz 5uber (German Government Reconstruction Action). This action transformed the highly decentralized Federal Republic of Germany in Weimar era into a centralized country. It dissolved the state parliament, handed over the suzerainty of the state to the German government, that is, the central government, and placed the executive power of the state under the control of the German government. After the death of President Hindenburg on August 2nd, 1934, the Nazi-controlled German Reichstag merged the offices of Reichspr5asident and Reichskanzler, and Hitler was re-appointed under the new name F5uhrer und Reichskanzler.

Under the Gestapo system, police actions are not bound by any civil rights, which highlights the Nazi's intention to have powerful means to directly control German society. Soon, about 65,438+000,000 spies and infiltrators (estimated to be an army) moved around Germany, reporting the activities of all critics or dissidents to Nazi officials, which reflected Stalin's terror in the Soviet Union. Most ordinary Germans are willing to remain obedient and quiet with the improvement of economy and living standards, but many political opponents, especially industrialists and socialists, have been reported by ubiquitous eavesdropping spies and put into prison camps, which have been seriously misunderstood and many people have been tortured to death. It is estimated that tens of thousands of people died or disappeared in the first few years of Nazi rule, including political victims.

For the political opposition in this period, see German Resistance Movement.

Social policy

In the process of seeking racial (Aryan, Nordic), social and cultural purity, the Nazi regime described its political control over all aspects of society. Modern abstract and avant-garde art was thrown out of the museum, which laughed at the special display of degraded art.

Nazi's pursuit of its goal is considered impure, through these persecutions, especially the labels of Jews, Gypsies, Jehovah's Witnesses and homosexuals. Nazi's policy towards Jews was especially strict.

1935, the Nuremberg law was passed, Jews were given up their German citizenship and refused to be employed by the government. Most Jews were employed by Germans and lost their jobs. At this time, their jobs were taken away by unemployed Germans. 1938165438+1October 9, Nazi instructed Pogrom to oppose the Jewish enterprise named "Kristallnacht"; Elegant language is used because many broken windows are used in street scenes, as if they were controlled by crystals. 1939 in the first nine months, more than 200,000 Jews left Germany and confiscated any property with the Nazi government.

The Nazis were not less cruel to their own people, because they completed the project of killing tens of thousands of disabled and sick Germans in an effort to maintain the main race (German descent: Herrenvolk) described by Nazi propagandists as the painless death of German T-4. These efforts will lead to future disasters. 1933, according to the law, 400,000 people were forcibly sterilized by the Nazi regime and marked with genetic defects, ranging from mental illness to alcoholism.

See Nazi Germany (historical racial policy of discrimination policy)

economic policy

The state's economic management is based on the respected banker Hjalmar Schacht. Under his guidance, he drafted a new economic policy, restricting the import of consumer goods and focusing on guiding exports. Imperial Bank issued huge loans and credits to industries and individuals. Under the leadership of Fritz Todt, a Dagong construction project was started to resist the New Deal in scale and scope. Its most famous achievement is the expressway. At the beginning of the war, the huge organization established by Todd was used in buildings, bunkers, underground facilities and trenches all over Europe. The other part of the new German economy is a huge rearmament, with the goal of expanding the powerful German army by 65,438+000,000 people to become an army of several thousand people.

The Second World War

See: German military history during World War II.

1939 Germany's actions led to the outbreak of World War II in Europe. Poland, France, Denmark, Norway, Belgium and the Netherlands were invaded. At first, Britain could do something to save its European allies. Germany obeyed the British bombing and participated in the war during the British period. After Germany invaded Greece and North Africa, it invaded the Soviet Union on 194 1. It is claimed that the war was fought after 65438+February 194 1 US bombed Pearl Harbor, Japan.

A few persecutions continue in Germany and occupied areas. From 194 1, Jews demanded to wear yellow stars in public, and most of them moved to ethnic minority areas, where they were still isolated from others. 1942 65438+ 10, under the supervision of Reinhard Heydrich, planned a plan in Europe called "the Jewish problem as the last resort" (German: "Endl5osung der Judenfrage"). During this period, 6 million Jews and various other neighborhoods (that is, homosexuals, Slavs and political prisoners) were systematically killed, and more than 654.38+million people were put into slavery. This genocide means disaster in English and "catastrophe" in Hebrew. (The Nazis used the German rule "End L5O Sung"-"Last resort." ) 。 Thousands of people are transported to death factories and concentration camps every day. German: KZ Konzentrationslager；; The original detention center, and then a large number of murders of factories; A killing tool specially designed for roommates.

General Ost was told that in parallel with the Nazis, a ruthless project was held to occupy the catastrophe, colonize and develop the occupied Soviet territory and its Slavic population. It estimates that 25 million Soviet civilians, including 1 1 10,000 Red Army soldiers, died under Nazi abuse. Russians call it the Great Patriotic War. The Nazi's plan was to expand the living space in Germany eastward, but their public excuse for launching the war in Eastern Europe was "resisting Bolshevism".

1943 1944 After losing the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Normandy, the regime began to disintegrate rapidly. The lost land faced the Allies in the west and south, and the Red Army and the Polish army in the east. Allied forces invaded German territory before spring 1945. 1945 In April, Hitler committed suicide, and Germany finally surrendered in May of the first week.

result

The victorious allies were first occupied by divided Germany. At the Potsdam Conference, the German border moved westward in the Soviet-occupied area, most of which was based in Poland. But half of Prussia in the east was annexed by the Soviet Union, and about100000 Germans were decided to expel from those territories and Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania and Hungary. France, the United States and Britain later became the future West Germany, while the Soviet area became the industrialized East Germany. West Germany recovered before the 1960s, but East Germany was not so lucky. It must endure the oppression of * * * until 1990.

See Germany's expulsion after World War II.

After the war, the surviving Nazi leaders were tried for crimes against humanity by the federal court in Nuremberg. Although a few people were sentenced, most of them were issued on the grounds of health and old age before the mid-1950s. Many people lived to the 1970s and 1980s. In all illegal Sistine European countries, there are established laws to eliminate and punish members of former Nazi and fascist political parties. An uncontrolled punishment hit Nazi children and children born by German soldiers in the occupied territories, including so-called children born in Lebanon.

See Nuremberg trial

Organized in the Third Reich.

Nazi German leaders created a large number of different organizations to help them stay in power. They rearmed and strengthened the army, established an extensive national security organization, and created their own personal party army, the Waffen-SS.

military affairs

(German Defence Force)

Senior Commander of OKW Defence Force

Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH)-Army Supreme Command

Senior naval commander (OKM)

Air Force High Command (OKL)

Hull army

luftwaffe

Kriegs Marin-Navy

Upper Befer Chabbert West

Abwehr-military intelligence