Race walking originated in England. /kloc-at the beginning of the 0 th and 9 th centuries, there was a race walking competition in Britain. 1866, the British amateur sports club held its first championship, with a distance of 7 miles.

Sprint (short for sprint) originated in Europe. The earliest official competition was in 1850 Oxford University Sports Meeting, when there were 100 yards, 330 yards and 440 yards running events. At the end of 19, the running distance was changed from code system to metric system.

Middle and long distance running (referred to as middle and long distance running for short), the original events were 880-yard running and 1 mile running. From the middle of19th century, it was changed to 800-meter running and1500m running.

Long-distance running (referred to as long-distance running), the initial events are 3-mile running and 6-mile running. From the middle of19th century, it was replaced by 5000m running and 10000m running.

Hurdling originated in England. It evolved from the game of shepherds crossing the sheepfold fence. The earliest hurdles were wooden supports or fences buried underground; 1900 A movable inverted T-shaped railing appeared. 1935 Someone changed the T-shaped hurdle frame into an L-shaped hurdle frame. The legs of the L-shaped hurdle frame face the athletes and can be turned forward with a little thrust, which relieves the athletes' fear when crossing the hurdles.

Relay running is the only team event in track and field. Take a team as a unit, each team has 4 people, and each person runs the same distance. There are different opinions about its origin, some think that it originated from the torch relay in the ancient Olympic sacrificial ceremony, some think that it is related to the popular game of "transporting firewood" or "transporting water altar" in Africa, and some think that it evolved from the postal service that delivered letters.

The steeplechase started in Britain in the19th century. Originally carried out in the wild, the obstacles crossed were branches and rivers. The distance between obstacles is different. 19 began to run on the runway in the middle of the century, but its distance was uneven and very random, ranging from 440 yards to 3 miles.

Marathon was originally a place name in Greece. In 490 BC, the Greek army repelled the invasion of the Persian army in the Marathon Plain. The messenger Ferdinand Peters ran from marathon to Athens. After reporting the news of victory, he fell to the ground and died of exhaustion. 1896 The first Olympic Games set up a marathon long-distance running project, the length of which was the distance from Marathon Town to Athens. The women's marathon started late and was first included in the 23rd Olympic Games on 1984.

The origin of field events

The origin and evolution of jumping events

The long jump originated from the ancient Greek Olympic Movement. The men's long jump is set at 1 Modern Olympic Games. The flight action developed from squatting to standing and walking.

Triple jump, originated in Ireland. At that time, the jumping method was in the form of two one-legged jumps and one jump, and now the jumping method was developed from England in the late19th century.

The high jump has a history of more than 100 years, and its technical movements have undergone five major changes: jumping, bracing, tumbling, prone and back crossing.

Pole vault, its development has experienced more than a century. It has gone through several historical periods: wooden poles, bamboo poles, metal poles and glass fiber poles.

The Origin and Evolution of Throwing Events

Shot put originated in 65438+1940s. There were cannons in Europe at that time. In order to improve combat capability, exercise and entertainment, the artillery used stones with the same weight as the shells to push them away.

Discus is an ancient sport. As early as 708 BC at the 18 ancient Olympic Games, discus throwing was listed as one of the five major sports.

Hammer throwing, it is said that around 2000 BC, people in Gource, England, used their hands to hold the axle of a horse wheel and rotate it. Later, it was changed to throw round stones with handles and hammers used by blacksmiths, so it was named "Hammer Throwing" competition, which has continued until now, and China called it hammer throwing.

Javelin is the only one of the four throwing events that allows run-up. Javelin is the primitive hunting tool of ancient working people, and it was later used as a weapon on the battlefield. The earliest javelin competition was one of the five sports in the ancient Greek Olympic Games. It was not only farther than throwing, but also more accurate than throwing.

The origin of all-around sports

From 65438 to 0880, modern all-around sports appeared in America. The decathlon at that time included 100 yard run, shot put, high jump, 800 yard walk, 16 pound hammer throw, 120 yard hurdle, 56 pound throw, long jump and 1 mile run, and the competition lasted all day.

At present, the all-around events in the Olympic track and field competition mainly include the men's decathlon (the first day: 100 meter running, long jump, shot put, high jump and 400 meter running; The second day:110m hurdles, discus, pole vault, javelin and1500m run) and women's heptathlon (the first day:100m hurdles, high jump, shot put and 200m run; The next day: long jump, javelin, 800-meter run).