Summary of historical knowledge points in the second day of junior high school of Jiangsu Education Edition
the Revolution of 1911
1, Zhongshan founded the revolutionary party:
(1)1894, sun yat-sen organized the revolutionary group Zhong Xing society in Honolulu, USA.
(2)1905, a unified revolutionary organization-China League was established.
2. China League
(1) Date of establishment: 1905.
Place of establishment: Tokyo, Japan
(3) * * *: Sun Yat-sen is the Prime Minister.
(4) Program: The establishment of the revolutionary program of ruling by the Qing Dynasty, abolishing absolute monarchy, establishing a democratic republic, and reforming the land system greatly promoted the bourgeois democratic revolutionary movement throughout the country. The founding of People's Daily and the Three People's Principles are the guiding ideology of Sun Yat-sen's leadership of the Revolution of 1911.
5. Significance of establishment: It has greatly promoted the bourgeois-democratic revolutionary movement throughout the country.
[6] People's Daily, the official publication.
3. Three People's Principles
(1) Founder: Sun Yat-sen
(2) The content of the Three People's Principles: nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood.
(3) Significance: The Three People's Principles are the guiding ideology of Sun Yat-sen leading the Revolution of 1911.
4. Wuchang Uprising and the establishment of the Republic of China;
(1) Wuchang Uprising:19110. The success of Wuchang Uprising marked the beginning of the Revolution of 1911. More than a dozen provinces in China declared their independence from the Qing government. The rule of the Qing Dynasty existed in name only.
(2) The Republic of China was founded: 1 91265438+1October1,location: Nanjing, and Sun Yat-sen became the interim president.
5. The historical significance of the Revolution of 1911;
(1) The Revolution of 1911 was an exploration by bourgeois revolutionaries to purge the government, establish a bourgeois republic and develop capitalism through various armed uprisings.
(2) It ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty and the feudal monarchy in China for more than 2,000 years, which made the concept of democratic republic deeply rooted in people's hearts.
6. Results of the Revolution of 1911: (Limitations):
The achievements of the Revolution of 1911 were stolen by Yuan Shikai, a northern warlord, and failed to complete the task of anti-imperialism and feudalism.
Summary of the knowledge points of history in the eighth grade last semester
the opium war
1. The root of the British Opium War:1In the first half of the 9th century, Britain completed the industrial revolution in order to open the China market, promote industrial products and plunder China's cheap industrial raw materials.
2. The direct cause of British opium export to China is to reverse the Sino-British trade deficit.
3. Destroy opium in Humen:
Time: 1839, Lin Zexu was sent to Guangzhou by Daoguang Emperor to ban smoking.
What happened:1June, 839, Lin Zexu ordered the public destruction of more than two million Jin of opium seized in Humentan, Guangdong.
Significance: This is a great victory of China people's struggle against smoking, which shows the strong will of the Chinese nation to resist foreign aggression. Lin Zexu, who led this struggle, became a national hero, and this activity became the fuse of the Opium War.
4. (Part I) The Opium War: 1840- 1842.
5. The main contents of the Chinese and English treaty of nanking:
(1) Cut Hong Kong Island to Britain;
(2) The compensation is 2 1 ten thousand yuan;
(3) Opening Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai as trading ports;
(4) The taxes paid by British businessmen in importing and exporting goods shall be agreed by both sides.
6. The influence of the Opium War:
(1) China gradually changed from a feudal society to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society;
② It was a turning point in the history of China and the beginning of modern history of China. China's first unequal treaty in modern times, treaty of nanking. )
7. Revelation: If you fall behind, you will be beaten! We should focus on economic construction, vigorously develop productive forces and strive to improve our comprehensive national strength.
Lesson 2 The Crime of Foreign Powers' Aggression against China during the Second Opium War
1. Time of the Second Opium War: 1856- 1860.
2. The purpose of the Second Opium War: to further open the China market.
3. The culprit: the British and French allied forces, and the accomplices: the United States and Russia.
4. The crime of foreign powers invading China:
① Allied forces of Britain and France: After occupying Beijing, they robbed and burned Yuanmingyuan.
(2) Russia: Through a series of unequal treaties, it occupied the territory of northeast and northwest China1500,000 square kilometers.
(3) The United States: Volleyguns suppressed the Taiping Rebellion in China.
5. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement:
① Time and place of the outbreak, * * *: 185 1 year. Hong Xiuquan led the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in Jintian Village, Guangxi.
(2) Capital: 1853 Nanjing was occupied, changed to Tianjing and made its capital, and established a regime against the Qing Dynasty.
③ Fighting against foreign guns: A: 1860, Qingpu under the command of Li Xiucheng defeated foreign guns. B: In the battle of Cixi at B: 1862, the captain of the foreign guns team, Walter, was killed.
In the second semester, the second day of history review knowledge points.
Exploration of the socialist road
First, the new economic policy.
1. Background:
(1) After the civil war, the first task facing the Soviet regime was to restore the economy.
(2) Farmers are strongly dissatisfied with the wartime communist policy.
2. Time: 192 1 year
3.* *: Lenin
4. Content: Allow multiple economies to coexist and vigorously develop the commodity economy.
5. Function: It has promoted the recovery and development of the national economy and consolidated the political power.
6. Evaluation: It is a model of Lenin's creative application of Marxism from the reality of Russia.
Second, the Soviet Union was founded.
1. Time: 1922 End
2. Full name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
3. The first four republics: Russian Federation, Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine and Belarus.
4. Expansion: Later, it was expanded to 15 participating republics.
5. Disintegration: 199 1 End.
Third, the socialist construction of the Soviet Union.
1.***: Stalin
2. 1928- 1937 implemented two five-year plans, which transformed the Soviet Union from a traditional agricultural country into an industrial power and greatly enhanced its national defense strength.
3. The basic realization of socialist industrialization and agricultural collectivization.
4. Stalin model (also known as the highly centralized economic and political system of the Soviet Union)
(1) Form a symbol: 1936 The promulgation of the new constitution of the Soviet Union (the symbol of the Soviet Union's entry into a socialist society).
(2) Evaluation: It has played a positive role in a certain historical stage, but it has serious drawbacks and has had a far-reaching impact on the Soviet Union and the socialist countries in Eastern Europe.
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