Why is the earliest modernization choice of an old dynasty an enlightened and autocratic movement after being challenged by western powers? This is because people can only try to use the political organizations at that time to solve the problems they face under given conditions. When faced with the great pressure of national crisis, the political elite of an old dynasty first thought of resisting the invasion of western powers and safeguarding the interests of the dynasty through the traditional dynasty system, and they could not surpass the limited conditions of this era. However, when they realized that only by imitating western advanced technology can they increase their ability to resist western aggression, they objectively and inevitably embarked on the road of modernization and thus embarked on a new historical road step by step. In this process of imitation, they will realize sooner or later that only through more enlightened policy innovation and system innovation can the bureaucratic system effectively absorb the modern elites in society and mobilize manpower, material resources and financial resources more effectively, otherwise it will eventually fail to achieve the set goals. This behavior logic determines that once the process of institutional innovation and institutional innovation of authoritarian system begins, it will inevitably enter the process of transformation from traditional autocracy to enlightened autocracy. The so-called enlightened autocracy is the "new wine in old bottles" of an authoritarian regime, which uses the authority of the emperor and the established bureaucratic system as political levers to carry out modernization. From the perspective of world history, the William II Reform in Germany and the Meiji Restoration in Japan can be said to be examples of the initial success of modernization through enlightened autocracy. The enlightened autocracy movement in the late Qing Dynasty can be divided into three stages: Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty. The following three stages are investigated respectively.