The historical background and international background of the Reform Movement of 1898.
1. Economic background:1In the second half of the 9th century, capitalism developed rapidly. During this period, the rapid development of science and technology triggered the second industrial revolution. The second industrial revolution promoted the rapid development of capitalism and began to transition to monopoly stage. The United States, Germany, Britain, France and other countries that have already established capitalist systems are among the best in the world, while Russia and Japan, which are relatively backward, have also become strong rapidly after developing capitalism. In this situation, changing the old system and productive forces and developing capitalism became the world trend at that time.
2. Institutional background:1In the late 9th century, European and American capitalist countries gained more people's right to vote and participate in political power through parliamentary reform, and their political democratization was further expanded. The capitalist political system is becoming more and more perfect in the long-term development. Japan in Asia embarked on the road of developing capitalism through the Meiji Restoration and rose rapidly.
Domestic background
1. Social background: the deepening of the national crisis. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Russia and other western capitalist countries set off a frenzy to carve up China, scrambling to sign a series of unequal treaties with the Qing government. The Qing government repeatedly compromised, ceded land and paid reparations. The critical situation of national subjugation and extinction forced some advanced China people to start looking for new ways to save the country and the people.
2. Economic background: First, the stimulus brought by imperialist invasion; Second, in the Westernization Movement, the Westernization School set up a number of modern industrial enterprises with the slogan of "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth", which played a guiding and encouraging role in the development of Chinese national capitalism; Thirdly, some awakened people in China regard developing national capitalism and boycotting foreign businesses and foreign factories as a means to save the nation. With the initial development of national capitalism, the economic strength of the national bourgeoisie in China has been continuously enhanced, and it has begun to seek political rights in line with its economic status. They issued the call of "saving the country through industry".
3. Class foundation: With the initial development of national capitalism, the economic strength of the national bourgeoisie in China has been continuously enhanced, and it has begun to seek political rights consistent with its economic status. As a new political force, the national bourgeoisie began to enter the political arena, laying a class foundation for the Reform Movement of 1898.
4. Ideological basis: After the Opium War, the national crisis in China became increasingly serious, and the crisis of feudal rule deepened step by step. Advanced China people began to think about ways to save China. Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan advocated "learning from the West" and issued the voice of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners", which became the first sound of learning from the West.
The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as Hundred Days Reform, Reform Reform and Reform Reform Reform, was a bourgeois reform movement represented by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in the late Qing Dynasty. It advocated learning from the West, advocating scientific culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce through Emperor Guangxu.
Tan Sitong, Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi and Kang are six gentlemen of the Hundred Days Movement.
Historical Significance The Reform Movement of 1898 was a patriotic reform movement, an important political reform in the modern history of China, and also an enlightenment trend of thought. This reform promoted ideological emancipation and played an important role in promoting the development of ideological culture and the progress of modern China society.