Chinese name: Quark Model MBTH: Quark model proposed by Murray Gherman and george zweig: 1964 Introduction, history, states outside the quark model, see also the introduction of particle physics. Quark model (English: Quark model) is a hadron classification scheme based on valence quarks in hadrons. Valence quarks are quarks and antiquarks in hadrons, which are hadron quantum numbers. Quarks are the basis of "SU(3) taste symmetry" or octet. This classification scheme successfully classifies a large number of lighter hadrons discovered in the 1960s. It was proved by experiments in the late 1960' s, and it is still a correct and effective classification. Quark model was independently proposed by Murray gherman and george zweig in 1964 (see also). Now, the quark model has been absorbed by the standard model, which refers to the established quantum field theory of strong interaction and weak interaction. Hadron is not "basic", but can be regarded as the bound state of "valence quark" and its antiquark, and "valence quark" and its antiquark are the sources of hadron quantum numbers. These quantum numbers are labels to identify hadrons and can be divided into two types. One is from Poincare symmetry, where j, p and c represent total angular momentum, parity and charge * * * yoke symmetry respectively. After many particles have been discovered by new experimental techniques in history, it is a timely problem to make a classification scheme, because so many particles can't all be basic particles. These findings made Wolfgang Pauli exclaim, "If I had known this would happen, I would have done botany research", while Enrico Fermi said to student leon lederman, "Young man, if I can remember the names of all particles, I will become a botanist." These new experimental schemes have won the Nobel Prize for experimental physicists, including Luis Alvarez, who is at the forefront of many developments. Using fewer components to construct hadrons into bound states can properly group the zoos in your hand. Previous proposals, such as Enrico Fermi and Yang Zhenning's (1949) and Sakata Shyoichi's Sakata model (1956), can classify mesons satisfactorily, but they can't deal with baryons, so they can't explain all the experimental data. The Gelman-West Island relationship proposed by Murray gherman and Kazuhiko Nishijima led gherman to invent octupole classification, which also included Juval Neeman's independent and important contribution in 196 1. Hadron is divided into SU(3) to represent multiple states, octets and decamps. Due to the strong interaction, the hadron mass of each state is roughly the same. The gherman-Okubo mass formula quantifies the tiny mass difference of each particle in the hadron multiplet, which is controlled by symmetry breaking whose SU(3) is obvious. Gherman and independent george zweig finally determined what was hidden in 1964 Bajiao Road. They assumed the existence of the basic fermion component, which was not observed at that time and may not be seen in the future. It elegantly compiled the basis of octet in an economical and compact way, making hadron classification easier. At that time, the mass difference of hadrons was considered to be the result of quark mass. After that, it took mankind ten years to better understand the unexpected properties of these quarks-and the physical reality (see quarks). They can never be observed alone (quark confinement), but they have combined with other quarks to form a whole set of hadrons, and then provided a lot of information about the trapped quarks themselves to the outside world. On the contrary, quarks play a decisive role in quantum chromodynamics, which is responsible for describing the strong interaction completely. Octupole is now understood as the result of the symmetrical structure of the three lightest quarks. Although the quark model can be deduced from the quantum chromodynamics theory for states other than the quark model, the structure of hadron is much more complicated than the model allows. The complete quantum mechanical wave function of all hadrons must include virtual quark pairs and virtual gluon pairs, and at the same time, many kinds of mixing must be allowed. There may be hadron sites outside the quark model. Such particles include glueballs (containing only valence gluons), mixed particles (containing valence gluons and quarks) and "strange hadrons" (including four quark states and five quark states). See subatomic particles hadron, meson, baryon and quark Strange hadron: Strange baryon quantum chromodynamics and taste (particle physics).