First, the influence of network language on China's traditional customs.
China is known as "the state of etiquette", and etiquette is everywhere in traditional society. From the social and cultural point of view, ceremony is a ceremony to communicate between heaven and man, a symbol of aristocratic rank, a norm for ordinary people, and a criterion for standing in the world. (2) From the form of expression, there are different forms of expression in the upper and lower levels of society. At the upper level of society, it is manifested as a hierarchical aristocratic etiquette system, and at the grassroots level, it is manifested as the etiquette and customs of people who wear clothes in the village.
Traditional customs and habits have distinct equality characteristics. The so-called "equal difference" is the level, difference and order between people. The Book of Rites says: "There are ten kinds of husband sacrifices, including the way of ghosts and gods, the meaning of monarch and minister, the affection between father and son, the difference between nobility and inferiority, the killing of relatives and friends, the reward of titles, the difference between husband and wife, the equality of political affairs, the order of aging, and the difference between prosperity and decline." (3) This kind of ten kinds of human relations between monarch, minister, father and son, old and young, is the basic hierarchical relationship of patriarchal society. The function of etiquette is to distinguish and maintain this hierarchical relationship, and its fundamental function is to adjust social relations according to the principle of arithmetic, so as to achieve the goal of "people will not move, farmers will not move, workers will not change, scholars will not abuse, officials will not be deep, and doctors will not accept public interests", thus achieving the goal of stabilizing social order.
Because traditional customs and habits overemphasize the equal-difference relationship and pay attention to protecting the rights and interests of the venerable, the elderly and the noble, the bottom people or the relatively disadvantaged groups have accumulated a kind of depressed psychology, and they dare not publicize their normal personality, express their correct opinions or fight for their legitimate interests. However, from the perspective of human nature, they are always waiting for or seeking opportunities to publicize their individuality, express their opinions and realize their interests, and always regard becoming a high-level or dominant group as a lifelong or phased goal. In the competitive real society, it is difficult to give this opportunity to the people at the bottom or the relatively weak groups. However, emerging networks have generously provided this opportunity to the groups they come into contact with.
Cyberspace is a virtual world. Netizens can hide their identity, age and gender, change their language habits and communicate freely through the Internet. Even if the object of communication is an official, you can "slap" him; Even an elder can call him "BB" (child); Even an enemy, he can "love tiger oil" (I love you); Even a wife, he can regard her as "BB" (lover); I am a male, and the male object I can "marry" is "wife", or even "get married, register and have children". In communication, there is no meaning of monarch and minister, no father-son relationship, no distinction between nobility and inferiority, no distinction between relatives and friends, no difference between husband and wife, no order of seniority, and no application of titles and rewards.
There are many reasons for this idea of releasing repression and pursuing equality. First, people (especially young netizens) have not yet formed the necessary order of customs and habits in concept. Second, in terms of social locality, the traditional etiquette and custom order is too restrictive for people, and people have to accept it. As a result, they came to the unfettered network world, and through the chat and exchange of network language, they got the pleasure of completely breaking through the shackles. Third, the excellent traditional etiquette and custom regulations, although people understand its benefits, have failed to make people consciously accept and abide by it because of the long-term bias of education and the drive of social environment.
People (especially young people) are never tired of the internet, because in the network, people can use the online language at will, release the heavy depression of reality through the online language and enjoy the equality they yearn for. It is true that the venting and enjoyment of this virtual world is a rare psychological adjustment. However, this way of thinking and behavior, which was originally only popular on the Internet, has come to real life. Many young people use their own standards to evaluate their elders or superiors. Those elders or leaders who do not meet their own standards will not respect them and will judge their decisions with selfish values. Those decisions that are unfavorable to them will not be implemented, or will be implemented passively. This is a serious lack of necessary etiquette and custom order. If this phenomenon is not taken seriously and effectively corrected, it will easily lead to orders that cannot be enforced and prohibitions that will lead to social disorder.
In fact, the traditional etiquette and custom order has its inheritance and development. In modern society, elders and superiors should listen to the suggestions, opinions and even criticisms of the younger generation or subordinates modestly and seriously, even if they are equal in personality. However, due to different positions, different perspectives, different responsibilities, different experiences and abilities, generally speaking, the decisions of elders and superiors are relatively more correct. Therefore, we should respect them and conscientiously implement their decisions. The same is true in other aspects. In order to ensure social harmony, there must be necessary etiquette and custom order.
Therefore, judging from the problems existing in traditional customs and habits of network language, we should not only adjust the traditional customs and habits that restrict people's thoughts and behaviors too much, but also make people consciously abide by the necessary traditional customs and habits order through appropriate education. Only in this way can our society exist and develop in an orderly and harmonious way.
Second, the influence of network language on China's traditional ethics
China's traditional ethics is a summary of the Chinese nation's moral practice experience and a national spirit gradually condensed in the long-term social practice. Various schools of philosophy in history have had a certain influence on the formation of traditional ethics, among which Confucianism has the greatest influence.
Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, built the first complete moral standard system and formed a systematic ethical thought on the basis of inheriting the ethical concept of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The core of Confucius' ethical thought is benevolence, righteousness and propriety, which can be regarded as the virtue of three sons or three mothers. ⑤ He also put forward the virtues of filial piety, filial piety, loyalty, courtesy, respect, honesty, faithfulness, rigidity and straightness, which further embodied the moral norms between people. Mencius enriched and developed Confucian ethics, and thought that "everyone has a heart that cannot bear others". ⑥ It is embodied in four aspects: "Compassion is the purpose of human beings; The heart of shame and evil is also the end of the father; The words of the heart are the end of the ceremony; The heart of right and wrong is also the end of wisdom. " ⑦ The four ends develop into four kinds of morality: benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom. "Four Virtues" is the main category of Mencius' ethical thought and the code of conduct to deal with the relationship between "five virtues". In Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu put forward the "three cardinal guides" ethics, which clearly defined the relationship between monarch, minister, father and son, and husband and wife.
The moral standard system advocated by Confucianism has generally promoted the formation and development of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. At the same time, traditional ethics has gradually developed into a value principle respected by the Chinese nation. Under the influence of this value principle, the Chinese nation has formed many beautiful virtues. These virtues, such as kindness and filial piety, valuing righteousness over profit, humility and comity, sincerity and faithfulness, and advocating sages, not only provided great impetus for the development of the Chinese nation in the past, but will also play an important role in the future development of the Chinese nation.
On the internet, especially on the BBS of public bulletin boards, netizens are completely equal, and their sense of identity has been completely diluted. They can choose the object of communication according to their hobbies, freely express their views, refute others' views, and even directly confront the previous authority. What is displayed from the network language is the true inner feelings, which is the most authentic side of human nature that people can't express in real life. ⑧ Network language constructs a communication mode of expressing true feelings in interpersonal communication in its unique way.
However, with the rapid development of the Internet, traditional virtues are facing a severe test. The virtuality, concealment and untruthfulness of network names easily make communicators feel at ease, relaxed and even presumptuous, which naturally leads to the appearance of wanton, uncivilized and immoral network language. Some people don't keep their mouths shut, abuse and attack at will, which disturbs people's normal life order. In order to attract others' attention, some people deliberately make anti-tone remarks and show an alternative personality, which obviously conflicts with the behavioral norms of the real society. Some wantonly vilify and vilify ancient sages who have reached historical conclusions for no reason, misleading the moral orientation of teenagers. Some even call names and swear words, losing the minimum civilization, such as TMD (damn), S## (psycho), K ick your ass (kick your PP), Head-shot (blow your head off), 748 (go to hell), TNJJ (kick your JJ) and so on.
The immoral phenomenon of network language lies in the moral quality of netizens. The moral quality of netizens depends on the usual moral education, and the effect of moral education depends on the moral environment in which people live. The quality of moral environment lies in the performance of people's moral behavior, which lies in the social evaluation and choice of moral behavior. The moral problems reflected by network language show that the actual effect of moral education that we attach great importance to is not ideal. The immoral phenomenon in the network truly reflects the low moral quality of netizens. The moral contrast between netizens in real life and online world not only shows that there are problems in the moral environment of today's society, but also shows that netizens have accepted the realistic moral environment and become accustomed to this hypocritical moral behavior. These phenomena are actually the lack of morality. What is particularly serious is that netizens and more people have no feelings about this moral deficiency, and those who have feelings often evade the responsibility of changing this phenomenon for their own interests.
Therefore, we should realize the importance and urgency of moral education from the immoral phenomena in the network language, determine different educational contents for different objects, adopt different educational means and take different educational measures to make moral education really effective.
Thirdly, the influence of network language on China traditional language.
Language is the most important communication tool and thinking tool for human beings, and it is a special social phenomenon. It has great stability, but it also changes with the development of society and the needs of communication. Pet-name ruby character is a symbol used to record language. For convenience, people always pursue the simplification of its form. People's pursuit of writing tools and great changes directly or indirectly affect the development and changes of writing from different aspects. However, the development and change of writing is not the product of individual subjective will and personal activities, but the social development has reached a certain historical stage and has certain conditions for the change of writing, which is naturally contributed by the collective conscious efforts of social members.
After the emergence of the Internet, people's traditional communication methods, especially writing tools, have undergone tremendous changes, so a network language adapted to this communication method and writing tools has emerged. The influence of network language on China traditional language is unprecedented in the history of China language development.
First, the phonetic aspect. Use homophonic characters instead of Chinese characters at will, such as "girl" for sister, "prawn" for hero (webmaster), "bamboos" for moderator (webmaster), "jam" for flattery, "porridge" for favorite, "sauce purple" for this one and "bamboo leaves" for homepage.
Second, vocabulary. Network language has the greatest influence on vocabulary. (1) typo substitution, such as "Zaizai", "Zhezhe", "Hou-Hou", "Mud Name-Nickname", "Seemingly Casual-Seemingly" and "Chang Fei-Extraordinary". (2) Pinyin abbreviations, such as mm- sister, gg- brother, xdjm- brother and sister, PMP- flattery, JS- profiteer, BS- contempt, BT- pervert and BD- idiot. (3) English abbreviations, such as GF- girlfriend, BF- boyfriend, LOL- laughter, PK- competition, VG- good, PC- personal computer, etc. (4) letters and numbers are homophonic, such as "Cu-see", "I love u-I love you", "3x-thank", "9494-yes", "55555-cry" and "7455". (5) Substitute English words directly, such as "Le Yi Le". (6) Chinese and English transliteration, such as "cool-cool", "I love you", "fans-fans", "e-mail- Yi Meier" and "show-show". (7) Change the meanings of existing words, such as "dinosaur-ugly MM", "rookie-novice computer", "premarital physical examination-system detection, antivirus", "writing love letter-writing application", "supporting", "idol-vomiting object" and "genius"; (8) Replace words with dialect sounds, such as "love letter".
Because when chatting and communicating, netizens are in an urgent state. According to their own information input methods, they choose the information that is most easily displayed on the computer and communicate as the concrete expression of their thoughts without thinking. At the same time, chat and communication are in a specific context, and both sides can understand the meaning of words that are randomly replaced. Over time, the replacement of words has become their habit. Moreover, many netizens (especially young people) deliberately innovate their words in order to flaunt themselves, publicize their personality and exert their wisdom. This concise, casual and innovative online language just meets the psychological and behavioral needs of netizens, and with frequent contact and use, online words have become common words of netizens.
However, looking at the network language, most words and methods of constructing new words do not conform to the law of the emergence of new words in modern Chinese, which not only causes readers some difficulties in recognition and reading, but also makes people develop bad habits of using language and characters irregularly. Network words are not only popular on the Internet, but also have spread to daily life, which should arouse our great attention.
The rapid spread of network language has also brought an impact on language education. Young students are the main group of netizens and are particularly sensitive to new things; The simplicity, quickness and image of network language are exactly the novelty, fashion and convenience that young students like to pursue. They not only enjoy, spread and create online language, but also apply it to their own compositions, diaries, essays and class wall newspapers. It is no exaggeration to say that online language has the greatest influence on primary and secondary school students, especially on the language education of primary and secondary school students. Indications: Young students are in the stage of cultivating and improving their language ability, and their ability to distinguish right from wrong and appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of language is relatively low. They often deal with the Internet, and they are likely to develop the bad habit of using language irregularly, thus interfering with and affecting their normal language learning. In particular, the repeated use of typos is disastrous for young students whose mother tongue is not yet stable. This problem is particularly worthy of our high attention.
Network language affects the improvement of students' language ability. Young students learn a lot of articles with standardized language and beautiful words, accumulate Chinese corpus and improve their Chinese ability. Most of the articles on the internet are sent by netizens, and their language level is not high. Moreover, these articles have not been carefully edited by the internet, and typos, typos and sick sentences emerge one after another. If young students often contact the Internet and spend too much time surfing the Internet, their unstable language use ability will not be improved, but will be negatively disturbed.
Four. conclusion
Language develops with the development of society, regardless of human will. Network language is the inevitable product of social development to a certain stage. The zeitgeist of pursuing equality, innovation and respecting individuality projected by network language is the development of the essence of traditional culture. Concise, economical, convenient, intuitive, humorous and vivid language features promote the development of traditional language to some extent. ( 1 1)
We should treat online language with a positive and tolerant attitude, but we can't let it go. We should establish rules and regulations suitable for the development of network language in time, guide and standardize the development of network language in a healthy direction, and make it play an active role in inheriting and developing excellent traditional culture.
Precautions:
(1) Yu Genyuan and Xiong Zhengyu: An Overview of Network Language, China Economic Publishing House, 200 1 Edition, p. 92.
② ⑤ Wang Ning: Introduction to China Traditional Culture, Hunan Normal University Press, 2004, p. 185.
(3) Sacrificial Rites, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1999, p. 865.
④ Twenty-six Years of Zuo Gong, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1990, p. 298.
⑥ Mencius Sun Chou, Guangzhou People's Publishing House, 2004, p. 67.
⑦ The Doctrine of the Mean, Guangzhou People's Publishing House, 2004, p. 93 1.
⑧ Sun Shaorong: "Analysis of the influence of network language on Chinese education and its countermeasures", Cai Ying Vocational Forum, No.3, 2006, p. 15.
9 Xing Gongwan: Introduction to Linguistics, Language Publishing House, 1995, p. 156.
⑩ Li Tiefan and Zhang: "Negative Effects and Normative Principles of Network Language", Rhetoric Learning, No.2, 2006, p.6 1.
(1 1) Yu Genyuan: Introduction to Linguistics, Commercial Press, 2003, p. 68.