Punctuate the following passage of ancient Chinese (please copy the full text on the answer sheet and punctuate it. Deduct 1 minute for each punctuation mistake until the writing is finished. *** 10 integral)
Four, short answer questions (each small question 10, *** 20 points)
1. Briefly describe the position of Hanshu Yiwenzhi in the history of bibliography in China.
Answer: (1) The History of Han Literature and Arts is the earliest existing bibliography document in China. This earliest systematic bibliography, written by Ban Gu, is called Hanshu for short and belongs to the Catalogue of Historical Records. History of Han Dynasty is one of the ten chronicles of Han Dynasty. The author edited it according to Liu Xin's Seven Laws. Up to now, there are still 38 classification systems such as Six Arts, Poems, Military Books, and Fangshu. Another analysis of the formation of Jilue is placed at the beginning of the chronicle, and describes the origin of academic thought in the pre-Qin period.
② 38 kinds of books, 596 volumes, 13269 volumes. All additions and deletions are marked with "out", "province" and "in" to indicate changes. Therefore, although the Seven Laws has been lost, we can still see its general situation according to this book, and we can know the situation of cultural classics in the Western Han Dynasty. This book is the earliest existing systematic book catalogue in China, and it is the first form of the Catalogue of Historical Records, which has had a great influence on the development of later bibliography, especially the Catalogue of Historical Records.
2. Briefly describe the position of Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi in the history of China Bibliography.
Answer 1, written by Tang, etc. According to textual research, Jing Ji Zhi was first revised by li yanshou and later edited by Wei Zhi. Including the public and private collections of Liang, Chen, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou and Sui Dynasties, the old book name14,000 volumes and 89,000 volumes were deleted and supplemented, and 6520 volumes and 5688/kloc-0 volumes were recorded, which were divided into four parts: classics, history and sub-books.
(2) The Annals of Sui Shu Classics and Records is another important historical records catalogue after the Annals of Han Shu Literature and Art, which has its own characteristics: it has established a four-part classification system, which has been widely adopted by later public and private catalogues; Ambition, each department has a general order at the beginning and a small order at the end, briefly explaining the academic origin; Each book is recorded in the order of title, volume and author. For the author, only describing contemporary official titles without evaluation, its description method is gradually stable; The small notes under the book recorded the forgotten and incomplete books, reflected the circulation of books during the Six Dynasties, and provided valuable reference materials for future generations. Therefore, it is most valued by later scholars and researchers.
3. Briefly describe the principles and requirements of ancient literature compilation.
A: The principle of compiling ancient books and documents is determined by the quality requirements of the compilation results. The basic requirements for compiling ancient books and documents are completeness, truthfulness and science. This is also the basic principle that ancient literature compilation should follow.
(2) Adequate preparation is the primary and basic requirement of document compilation, that is, all documents should be collected as much as possible to avoid major omissions, so as to improve the quality of compilation and make it of high academic value; The basic requirements of truth and seeking truth are not false or excessive. Cataloged documents should be authentic and collected historical documents should be carefully researched and sorted out. It is not allowed to change the original text one by one and indicate the source of the original text. Science, science here refers to style, that is, the arrangement of historical documents should be scientific and orderly, and it should be convenient for readers to read and consult.
4. Briefly describe the basic requirements for compiling ancient books and documents.
Answer: (1) The basic requirements of ancient books collation are "completeness, truthfulness and correctness". The so-called completeness is to avoid missing editions. When compiling a book, try to prepare all the lost articles of the book. Therefore, to read more books, we should not only look up all kinds of ancient books, but also find different versions of the same ancient book and collect as much information as possible.
(2) The so-called truth is to avoid overcharging. The contents of the compilation are correct. Don't mistake the existing words in this book that are not lost, let alone the words in his book that are lost in this book. This requires careful checking and textual research on the collected historical materials, so as to avoid the mistakes made by Zhang Guan and Dai Li.
(3) The so-called positive is to improve the style. First of all, the compiled literature should be based on rare books as much as possible, accurately copied and carefully checked. Secondly, the arrangement of lost items should restore the original appearance of the book as much as possible.
5. Briefly describe four collating methods.
Proofreading: a method of comparing different versions of a document to find and correct errors in written materials. The advantage of this method is that it is easy to find the mistakes in the literature and find the basis for correction.
(2) Collating method: proofreading with the context or different parts of the same book to choose their similarities and differences and correct their mistakes. This method is effective and practical when there are no different versions to compare or different versions, but there is no collation basis to follow.
(3) Other proofreading methods: that is, proofreading books are based on various literary classics other than this book. This method can solve the mistakes that cannot be proved by proofreading, but it requires the proofreader to be familiar with ancient documents.
Collating method: collating according to facts and arts and sciences. There are two situations: first, after all kinds of foreign languages are changed, it is necessary to judge the right or wrong of choosing a foreign language according to reason, which is often carried out in combination with our school, our school and other schools; The second is to infer from facts or arts and sciences when the school, the school and other schools can't find the version. This method is "the second highest" but also "the most dangerous".
6. What are the principles of "three brave changes" and "three no changes" put forward by Wang in Qing Dynasty?
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Answer 1 quote: "I use primary school classics. It's changed. It hasn't changed. From the beginning of the week and autumn, the style of the book changed from six to seven, and all the official mistakes were written, so I bravely changed it. Shu Meng came down, cut off the master's works, cut off the mistakes in his works, and I will bravely change. Scholars in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, or those who changed their scriptures without knowing what to say, regarded mistakes as mistakes. This is a mistake, and I bravely changed what it should be. If there is nothing to say and the Confucian classics are different in the weekend and the early Han Dynasty, I will be either one or the other and will not change. Borrowing the law has a long history, and its exact words can be found by anyone, but others can't. If we have to seek this word to change loanwords, we will test the vice versa, but I won't change it. Therefore, in order to make more people know about Wang's life profile, it is not enough to make punctuation, annotation, collation and exegesis. There needs to be an open translation for more people to understand;
② Learning classical philology is the need of professional study. Therefore, in order to study and study China's literary classics, it is necessary to learn and master the basic knowledge and theories of classical philology, so that you can find materials smoothly in your study. Use Wang's profile correctly, then analyze and criticize the materials and draw scientific conclusions. In short, only by systematically studying and mastering the basic knowledge of classical philology can we lay a solid foundation for future study and research. I doubt this and think it over, but there is no evidence for the group books. I am afraid of being praised by others, but I will not change. "
(2) That is to say, if there are definite reasons and versions for the mistakes made by copying, engraving and future generations in ancient books, we must be brave enough to correct them; Those words with two meanings, borrowed words, words that are clearly wrong but have no version basis, will not be changed.
7. Please briefly describe Liang Qichao.
The Academic History of China in the Past 300 Years summarizes six methods of distinguishing falsehood of Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty.
Answer (1) View the recording and teaching.
(2) check the deeds, systems and quotations in the book; ③ Check sentences or styles; (4) check the ideological origin.
⑤ Check the missing words from disproof.
⑥ Check the raw materials that counterfeiters rely on.
Five, essay questions (65438+ 05 points for each small question, ***30 points)
1. Discuss the purpose and significance of studying classical philology with examples. Answer: ① The purpose of studying classical philology is to better criticize and inherit the national cultural heritage and build socialist spiritual civilization. * * * once pointed out: "China has created splendid ancient culture in the long-term feudal society, cleaned up the development process of ancient culture, eliminated its feudal dross and absorbed its democratic essence, which is a necessary condition for developing national new culture and transforming national self-confidence."
The purpose of studying classical philology is to lay a solid foundation for literature collation and all historical scientific research. For example, if the catalogue is unknown, it is difficult to find the needed literature; Unknown version, unable to determine the best book version, etc. ;
The purpose of studying classical philology is to cultivate a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and master scientific working methods. Ancient scholars in China have accumulated rich experience in the long-term practice of document arrangement. They advocate the attitude of seeking truth from facts and mainly adopt empirical methods, forming a series of academic norms such as unfounded, unfounded and untrue.
Significance: ① Learning classical philology is the task entrusted to us by the times. Sorting out ancient books is of great strategic significance to a nation and a country, and it is an important work related to future generations. At the very least, splendid Chinese culture can improve people's self-esteem and self-confidence, which is our spiritual pillar. Therefore, sorting out ancient times
Only with a solid foundation can we achieve something in scientific research.
2. On the role of editing.
Answer: ① You must choose a good book to read. During the long-term circulation of books, some different versions have been produced for various reasons, and there are often great differences between these versions from text to arrangement. This difference often determines whether the reader correctly obtains knowledge from the book. It is a prejudice to read without choosing a version. It is also a prejudice to appreciate a good version only as an antique collection and not as research materials. The correct attitude is "reading requires good books";
(2) Collating ancient books, seeking more books, comparing them and choosing the best ones are the first basic methods to proofread books. Whether you are sorting out and publishing books or studying and researching, you should search for books extensively when you need to sort them out and master some knowledge of edition.
(3) The secretary who purchases Tibet should identify different copies;
④ Academic research should also pay attention to the edition, from which we can learn about the political, economic and cultural development of a certain period or region.
3. On the structure and function of the catalogue.
The structure of the directory includes: title, description and category order. The title item is the most basic part of the directory structure, and it can't be called a directory without a title. Narration is the most important structural part of ancient bibliography and one of the concrete manifestations of the academic and teaching functions of ancient bibliography. Category preface is a descriptive text that introduces the academic exchange, characteristics, gains and losses of a certain kind of books in ancient catalogues, which has important academic value;
(2) The function of catalogue: it is of great significance to understand the literature situation and academic ups and downs in past dynasties, and catalogue writings provide great convenience for people to understand and comment on books in its unique form;
It is of great significance to grasp the academic evolution. Catalogue works often describe the rise, evolution, ups and downs, gains and losses of literary styles concisely, show the historical track of their development, and explain the emergence and development of literary differences.
It is of great significance to study, study and sort out classical literature. The classic catalogue "shows the academic source and examines the mirror source", which makes it have strong guiding significance in learning and research. The most important thing in learning and studying academic sources is to identify the sources and examine the gains and losses, otherwise it will be like groping in the dark.
For more details, please download the abstract (revised edition) of Du Zexun Literature Catalogue.