First, pay more attention to promoting the equalization of basic public services. The Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee adopted the Decision of the Central Committee on Several Major Issues in Building a Harmonious Socialist Society, and put forward the idea of "perfecting the public finance system and gradually realizing the equalization of basic public services", which was emphasized again in the report of the 17th CPC National Congress. According to international experience and China's reality, the so-called equalization of basic public services refers to the process that the central government ensures that local governments responsible for providing services have the ability to pay these basic public services equally by formulating national standards related to basic public services, and ensures that every citizen can obtain legal basic public services regardless of urban and rural areas and regions. The reason why the CPC Central Committee proposed to gradually realize the equalization of basic public services has its specific realistic background. At present, China's gross domestic product has reached more than 20 trillion yuan, which is nearly 13 times higher than the initial stage of reform and opening up, and is called the world economic miracle. With the rapid growth of GDP, the comprehensive strength of the country has been gradually enhanced, and the scale of fiscal revenue has expanded rapidly. In the face of gratifying achievements, it is also obvious that the gap between people in all aspects has also widened, which is highlighted in two aspects: first, the gap between urban and rural areas is very obvious at present, including education, medical care, transportation, information, employment and so on; The second is the regional disparity, which is constantly expanding with the increase of China's economic aggregate, with the rapid development in the east and the lagging development in the central and western regions. The communique of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee pointed out that it is necessary to gradually improve the basic public service system that conforms to the national conditions, is relatively perfect, covers urban and rural areas, and is sustainable, improve the government's guarantee capacity, and promote the equalization of basic public services. This is one of the key points to protect and improve people's livelihood during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. Its main points are to speed up the transformation of government functions, build a service-oriented government, establish and improve the assessment system for equalization of basic public services, strengthen the administrative accountability of local governments for public services, and take the provision of equalization of basic public services for urban and rural residents as an important responsibility of the government to achieve public services with different standards and roughly equal standards at different stages. Its fields include public facilities, public medical care, culture and education, environmental protection, social security and so on. All citizens have equal opportunities to enjoy basic public services and the results are roughly equal. At the same time, we must respect the free choice of social members and safeguard the people's democratic rights. In addition, while emphasizing the leading role of the government in the supply of basic public services, we must advocate diversified participation in basic public services, which is advocated by many developed countries in the world.
Second, pay more attention to rationally adjusting the income distribution relationship. A reasonable income distribution system is an important embodiment of social fairness and justice. In the early stage of economic take-off, all countries and regions in the world implemented the policy of excessive accumulation and high investment to varying degrees, and achieved economic success. In the early days of China's reform and opening up, in order to get the economy going as soon as possible, it is necessary to tilt towards accumulation in the structure of accumulation and consumption. With the deepening of reform and opening up and the development of socialist market economy, China's productivity level has been significantly improved, its economic strength has been growing, and the "cake" of social wealth has become bigger and bigger. In this situation, it is becoming more and more critical to divide the "cake" of social wealth. In recent years, China has taken a series of measures to increase the income of urban and rural residents, especially low-income people, and actively adjusted the income distribution, which has significantly improved people's lives. For example, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in China increased from 1 1760 yuan in 2006 to 17 175 yuan in 2009, with an average annual real growth rate of 10.2%, which was 0.6 percentage points faster than the average growth rate in the Tenth Five-Year Plan. But at present, there are three main problems in China's income distribution: first, the growth of residents' income lags behind economic growth, and the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution is gradually decreasing. Second, the widening income gap among different income classes has not been effectively curbed. Different industries, different departments in the same industry, different units in the same department, the personal income gap is widening day by day; There are too many people in the middle and low income classes, and income growth is slow. Third, the income gap between urban and rural residents and the regional income gap have not been effectively solved; High-income earners, wage earners and rural residents have formed groups with different incomes, and even in cities or rural areas, groups with obvious gaps have been formed. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to further improve macro-control, maintain stable and rapid macroeconomic development, and provide a stable material foundation for increasing residents' income; On the basis of economic development, strive to increase the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution; While implementing a more active employment policy and actively supporting entrepreneurship, we should strive to increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution; While emphasizing the regulatory role of the government in redistribution, we should attach importance to the regulatory role of the government in initial distribution, strengthen the regulation of market behavior, and promote the harmony of labor relations; By implementing corresponding fiscal, tax and transfer payment policies, we should pay attention to fairness in the process of income redistribution and improve the income level of low-income groups.
Third, pay more attention to improving the social security system covering urban and rural residents. China's social security system includes social insurance, social assistance, social welfare and charity. Since the reform and opening up, China's social security system has made historic progress, and the framework of modern social security system has initially taken shape. Especially during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, new breakthroughs have been made in the construction of social security systems such as basic old-age care and basic medical care, the coverage has been continuously expanded, the financial input has been greatly increased, and the level of security has been significantly improved. China is getting closer and closer to the goal that everyone can enjoy basic living security, and the people are getting more and more benefits. Social security plays an increasingly important role in promoting reform and development and maintaining social harmony and stability. In 2009, the central government allocated 290.6 billion yuan of social security funds; Piloting new rural social endowment insurance in 320 counties; The national subsidy for affordable housing projects reached 55 1 billion yuan, a two-fold increase over the previous year; The national social security fund accumulated to 692.7 billion yuan, up 44.2% over the previous year. We should not only see the continuous improvement of the social security system and the important progress that has been made, but also fully estimate the difficulties in progress. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China should intensify the promotion of social security, further expand the coverage, speed up the improvement of the social security system covering urban and rural residents, build a more perfect social security safety net, continuously improve the level of urban and rural social security, and make more and better development achievements benefit hundreds of millions of people. Its main point is to establish and improve the rural social security system; Accelerate the establishment of an old-age security system for urban residents; Accelerate the solution of the remaining problems such as the basic old-age security for retirees of uninsured collective enterprises; All the "old industrial injury" personnel in the country will be included in the scope of industrial injury insurance; Actively promote migrant workers to participate in social insurance; Strengthen the work of urban and rural subsistence allowances, gradually improve the level of protection, and earnestly ensure that all insurance is guaranteed; Promote the pilot reform of the endowment insurance system in public institutions and explore the reform of the basic endowment insurance system for civil servants; Do a good job in the connection between urban and rural endowment insurance systems, and coordinate urban residents' medical insurance and the new rural cooperative medical system. At the same time, governments at all levels should further increase social security investment, increase the national social security fund through multiple channels, strengthen supervision, and achieve preservation and appreciation; We should make great efforts to do a good job in engineering projects that are related to the basic needs of the people, and the investment in people's livelihood construction should be significantly improved both in growth rate and in the proportion of economic construction investment; It is necessary to strengthen the construction of social security and service system for the disabled, further implement various policies to help the disabled, and create a better environment for the disabled to participate in social life on an equal footing; We should encourage and support the development of charity.
Fourth, pay more attention to accelerating the reform and development of education and medical and health undertakings. "Difficult to go to school", "unable to afford to go to school", "difficult to see a doctor" and "expensive to see a doctor" are the hot and difficult issues of people's livelihood in China. At present, China is in a critical period of social transformation, reform and scientific development. The whole society pays unprecedented attention, sensitivity and expectation to education and health care, and the task of accelerating the reform and development of education and health care is arduous and arduous. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, while promoting the reform of system and mechanism in line with the development direction of socialist market economy, China should adhere to the public welfare nature of education and medical and health undertakings, further increase financial input, ensure that the government provides basic education and medical and health services for urban and rural residents, encourage social forces to run schools, and encourage social capital to set up medical institutions in more forms; It is necessary to better ask the people, ask the government for the people, ask the people for their needs, and rely on the people to solve the problems existing in the reform and development of education and medical and health undertakings. Specifically, in the educational reform and development, we should solve the problem of unbalanced allocation of compulsory education resources, tilt the allocation of public education resources to weak areas, and strive to promote the balanced development of education between regions, between urban and rural areas, and between different schools; We should run vocational education well from the perspectives of improving the quality of workers, alleviating the shortage of skilled and applied talents, transferring surplus rural labor force and expanding employment; It is necessary to further expand the autonomy of colleges and universities and encourage them to adjust their majors and curriculum to meet the needs of employment and China's economic and social development. In short, we should not only focus on solving the problems of "difficulty in going to school" and "inability to go to school", but also focus on improving the quality of education and effectively solving the problem of "being eager to learn". In the reform and development of medical and health undertakings, it is necessary to optimize the allocation of resources, concentrate new health resources on weak links such as rural areas and urban communities, further improve the rural medical and health service network led by county-level hospitals and based on township hospitals and village clinics, and improve the new urban medical and health service system based on communities; It is necessary to actively and steadily promote the reform of public hospitals, adhere to the principle of "patient-centered" in the reform, and strengthen internal service management to facilitate the masses to see a doctor. It can be seen that strengthening and upgrading the urban and rural public health service system and the primary medical and health service system can not only ensure that urban and rural residents get sick less, get sick later and not get seriously ill, but also alleviate the problem of "expensive medical treatment" and the pressure of "difficult medical treatment" in large hospitals.
Fifth, pay more attention to solving people's livelihood problems in rural areas. Over the past 30 years of reform and opening-up, rural progress and agricultural development in China have made brilliant achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. For example, China has solved the problem of food and clothing for more than 200 million rural poor people. The number of poor people in rural areas who did not solve the problem of food and clothing decreased from 250 million in 1978 to 40.07 million in 2008, and the incidence of rural poverty decreased from 30.7% to 4.2%. The poverty-stricken population in rural areas of China has fallen sharply, and the economic and social outlook of poverty-stricken areas has undergone profound changes. However, the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers seem to be hard to return, which still gives people a feeling that they are "sick" in the overall situation. According to the judgment of the Third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, the agricultural foundation is still weak and needs to be strengthened most. Rural development is still lagging behind and needs the most support; It is still difficult for farmers to increase their income, which needs to be accelerated most. Solving the problem of people's livelihood in rural areas will become the top priority in safeguarding and improving people's livelihood in China during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. Therefore, the communiqué of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to promote agricultural modernization, accelerate the construction of a new socialist countryside, coordinate urban and rural development, accelerate the development of modern agriculture, strengthen rural infrastructure construction and public services, broaden channels for farmers to increase their income, improve rural development systems and mechanisms, and build a beautiful home for farmers to live happily. Mainly: first, promote rural infrastructure construction, such as supporting rural housing construction, further increase investment in the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas, and encourage qualified places to support farmers in building houses according to laws and regulations in various forms; Accelerate rural drinking water safety, rural roads and rural biogas construction. The second is to further accelerate the development of rural social undertakings and strive to improve the level of rural compulsory education, basic medical services, public cultural system construction and social security. The third is to further promote rural ecological construction, promote the development of key forestry ecological projects and forestry industries, strengthen forest protection and management, and establish and improve the ecological compensation mechanism. Fourth, prevention and control of rural garbage, sewage and agricultural non-point source pollution. Fifth, we should further improve poverty alleviation and development in rural areas, increase investment in poverty alleviation funds, and promote poverty alleviation work such as whole village promotion, labor transfer training, and industrialization poverty alleviation in an orderly manner. Sixth, broaden farmers' employment channels and do everything possible to increase their income. Seventh, accelerate the establishment of an incentive mechanism conducive to the allocation of resource elements to rural areas, and guide funds, technology, talents, management and other elements to tilt and gather in rural areas. Eighth, we must deepen rural reform, highlight the linkage between urban and rural areas, highlight coordinated promotion, highlight system construction, and effectively enhance the vitality of rural development.
Six, pay more attention to disaster relief and disaster prevention and mitigation. China is one of the few countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world. After the founding of New China, although the locust plague has been sent into history as a catastrophe, floods and droughts have continued to worsen, and typhoons, ice and snow have often caused great disasters. The earthquake that occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan on May 12, 2008 once again revealed the disastrous consequences of the earthquake as a catastrophe in China, and it was enough to make the whole world tremble. At the same time, the excellent rescue of Wenchuan earthquake has also drawn a perfect symbol for the disaster relief in New China in the past 60 years. Disaster relief and disaster prevention and mitigation are closely related to people's livelihood issues. The communiqué of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee also expressed concern about the serious natural disasters that have occurred in China since this year, pointing out that there have been serious natural disasters in China since this year, which have seriously affected the production and life of people in the affected areas; With the joint efforts of various departments and regions, remarkable achievements have been made in disaster relief. The communique particularly emphasized that it is very arduous to resettle the affected people and carry out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. The relevant departments of the central government and the party committees and governments at all levels in the disaster-stricken areas must attach great importance to it, plan scientifically, increase investment, organize meticulously and go all out. How to do a good job in post-disaster reconstruction and disaster prevention and mitigation in the next step? The communique pointed out that it is necessary to effectively arrange the basic livelihood of the affected people, work hard to formulate and implement post-disaster recovery and reconstruction plans, comprehensively grasp all kinds of production, especially agricultural production, help the affected people rebuild their homes, and promote all-round economic and social development in the disaster areas; It is necessary to adhere to the combination of promoting profits and eliminating pests, paying equal attention to disaster prevention and mitigation, taking both temporary and permanent solutions into consideration, and coordinating the government and society, start the construction of key weak links in water conservancy projects as soon as possible, accelerate the establishment of investigation and evaluation systems, monitoring and early warning systems, prevention and control systems and emergency systems in geological disaster-prone areas, and improve comprehensive disaster prevention and resilience. These specific and pragmatic requirements are not only the guiding opinions for the disaster-stricken areas in China to focus on post-disaster recovery and reconstruction at present and in the future, but also the programmatic opinions for disaster relief and disaster prevention and mitigation in China during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. Of course, disaster prevention and mitigation is a systematic project, involving a wide range. For example, strengthening ecological construction and environmental protection and promoting the construction of ecological civilization are basic projects conducive to disaster prevention and reduction, and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan must continue.