2/ The most powerful minister in China's history was Yuwen Hu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. His ruling and opposition period experienced the Western Wei Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, during which he killed three emperors.

3/ During the most prosperous Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, there were 8.2 million households in China, which was the highest value in the Tang Dynasty. When the Emperor of Sui Dynasty was in power, there were 8.9 million households in China. By the end of the Tang Dynasty, all economic indicators had not recovered to the level of the Sui Dynasty (Sui Shu, old Tang books, new Tang books, etc.). )

4. In the Song Dynasty, which was criticized as "militarily weak" by "mainstream" experts, the winning rate of foreign wars (with a scale of more than 10,000 people, excluding unified wars and civil wars) exceeded 70%; The Tang dynasty, which is considered to be the most powerful militarily, won less and lost more in foreign wars. I spent eight months reading The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, The History of Song Dynasty, The History of Liao Dynasty, The History of Jin Dynasty, The History of Yuan Dynasty, The History of Xixia Dynasty, The Compilation of the Three Dynasties North Alliance, The Chronicle of Yan State Since its Establishment and The Record of the Continuation of Capital. 70% is fine. )

PS: Due to the wrong ethnic policy in the Tang Dynasty, the land where horses were produced was completely in the hands of nomadic people, which led to the fact that the Song Dynasty was able to resist the impact of nomadic warriors with the flesh and blood of infantry from beginning to end. Therefore, the victory of the Song Dynasty was generally a rout war rather than a annihilation war. If the foreign victory rate of the Song Dynasty is below 60% for a period of time, it basically means national subjugation.

5/ The average combat load of soldiers in Song Dynasty was 32kg, and the training load was even higher than this value; At present, the training load of the most elite special forces in the United States is less than 15kg. (Records of years since the establishment of inflammation, the history of the Song Dynasty, compilation of the history of the Song Dynasty, etc. )

6/ During the Yuanfeng period in North Song Shenzong (1078- 1085), the urbanization rate of China reached an astonishing 30%. In the so-called "kanggan prosperous time" era, this proportion was only 9%; It was only at the beginning of the 20th century that the new China reached this value again (Records of Yuanfeng's Nine Domains, Long Edition of Continuing Capital Management as a Mirror, History of Song Dynasty, etc.). )

7/ In the same Yuanfeng period, the annual output of steel in North China reached 6.5438+0.5 million tons; After the industrial revolution, the steel output in Britain reached 76,000 tons in 1788.

8/ Throughout the Northern Song Dynasty, China continued to expand its territory until the year before the Jingkang Revolution (1 126). In the early Northern Song Dynasty, it mainly attacked Qidan until the League of Nations. In the middle and late period, we paid attention to the attack on Xixia and Tubo, especially on the Tubo Hehuang area, which recovered the lost land in the Tang Dynasty and greatly expanded the territory. During the Huizong period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty gained a large territory in the north, and then the Northern Song Dynasty perished in Jin. (Long Edition of Continuing Education as a Mirror, Song Yao Hui Bian, etc. )

The "Song Hippo Chef" created by Qin Gui was the common font of official documents throughout the Southern Song Dynasty, although Qin Gui was regarded as a negative model for most of the Southern Song Dynasty.

10/ Throughout the Southern Song Dynasty, China had no capital, and the level of Lin 'an government just "walked in".

165438+

12/ During the Southern Song Dynasty, the wages of skilled workers were higher than those of the magistrates. (In the Song Dynasty, the prefects generally took the third or fourth grade exams, with an annual salary of more than 400 yuan, at least equivalent to today's150,000 yuan. )

13/ The most advanced loom in the Southern Song Dynasty in China has more than 1800 moving parts, some of which cannot be achieved by modern looms.

14/ In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, the population of China (Song Dynasty only) accounted for about 15% of the world population, but its economic aggregate accounted for more than 75% of the world. Today, the population of China accounts for 2 1% of the world's population, but the total economic output only accounts for 4% of the world.

15/ 1233, when the Song and Mongolian allied forces attacked Caizhou, Meng Gong, a famous Southern Song Dynasty soldier, saved the life of Mongolian general Zhang Rou. Four years later, Zhang Hongfan, the son of Zhang Rou, was born. It was this Zhang Hongfan who perished the Southern Song Dynasty in the Battle of Yashan. ).

16/ Qin mathematicians in the Southern Song Dynasty discovered the formula for finding the root of the cubic equation of one variable in 1247 at the latest, and it was discovered by Europeans more than 400 years later, but this formula is still named after that European in Chinese textbooks. (Nine chapters of mathematics, etc. )

PS: The Guinness World Record for Human Disasters ranks second: the Yuan Army slaughtered farmers in the Song Dynasty (35 million people).

17/ 13 The expedition of the Mongolian imperial army slaughtered 200 million people in Eurasia, making it the most disgraceful Guinness Book of Records in human history, in which more than 70 million people died in China alone. Compared with this, the 6 million Jews slaughtered by the Nazis are simply dwarfed (more scattered Mongolian history, Song history, Jin history, etc.). )

18/ There was a war with Vietnam in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. The Ming army claimed 800,000, and the Vietnamese army claimed 7 million. In fact, the total number of troops of both sides adds up to only 300,000, which is undoubtedly the biggest war in China's history. [Note: At that time, Viet Nam was a dependent country of China (Lu et al. ).

19/ Zheng He's fleet is the largest treasure ship to the west, with a displacement of about 7500 tons.

20/ The only emperor in China's history who married only one wife appeared in the Ming Dynasty, and he was Zhu Shitang, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty.

2 1/ It was not Ma Yinchu who first put forward the family planning theory in China, but cabinet officials who practiced family planning in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573- 1620). The earliest time to practice family planning was in the Song Dynasty.

22/ Emperor Wanli of Ming Dynasty did not go to court for 28 consecutive years, setting a record for Emperor China. However, during this period, China won all wars at home and abroad. In the final analysis, the cabinet and administrative system of the Ming dynasty were powerful, and the imperial power was greatly restricted, which could not be compared with the previous dynasty. In this respect, Manchu experienced a great historical retrogression.

23/ From 1572 "Qin Long Switch" to 1644, the Ming Dynasty perished. During these 70 years,13 of the world's total silver output poured into China, accounting for about 353 million taels (conservatively estimated, it is now re-estimated to be about 500 million taels). And two-thirds of the world's trade with China.

24//kloc-almost all the silver plundered by Spanish colonists in South America in the 6th century finally flowed into China through trade.

25/ In the second year of the Jubilee of the Southern Song Dynasty (1206), the central government's revenue reached 80 million yuan, when the national population was about 70 million. From the Qing Dynasty to 1900, the population was 80 million Liang, but the purchasing power of the Southern Song Dynasty was twice that of the late Qing Dynasty. More importantly, the tax rate in Song Dynasty was lower than that in Qing Dynasty.

26/ In 763 AD, the central government of the Tang Dynasty, which had just experienced an Anshi Rebellion, was short of troops. The rebel general Pugu Wynn attracted 300,000 barbarians and occupied Chang 'an and Luoyang. In the end, Tang Suzong used all the young men, women and property of Luoyang, the capital of the East, as bribes to attract the Uighur army to recover the two capitals, so that the Han nationality was saved from national subjugation and extinction.

27/ 1644, a large-scale plague broke out in northern China, which led to the annihilation of 200,000 Ming troops stationed in Beijing, directly leading to the demise of the Ming Dynasty in Li Zicheng. Later, the northern herding and hunting nationalities took the opportunity to enter the Central Plains and established a minority regime that lasted for more than 200 years. Compared with the nomadic people in the Tang Dynasty who invaded the Central Plains during the civil strife, the nomadic people successfully destroyed the China regime in the late Ming Dynasty and established a new regime that led to historical retrogression.

28/ The longest-used country name is not Kangxi, but Chongzhen, the last country name of the Ming Dynasty, which was used by North Korea for 265 years. (North Korea Li Chao and other records. )

29/ During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Sikuquanshu was revised, with a total of 3,457 volumes and 79,070 volumes, and 6,766 volumes and 93,556 volumes were banned.

The first Opium War was the result of a vote in the British Parliament, and the party supporting the war only got 9 votes.

3 1/ After the First Opium War, someone accidentally found a batch of firearms that had been sealed for more than 200 years in a warehouse in Beijing. These firearms were made in the late Ming Dynasty, and some of them were even more advanced than British equipment.

Daoguang in the Qing court was very frugal and liked to wear patched clothes, but it cost four or two taels to make a patch.

During the Second Opium War, the Qing army fought against 20,000 British and French allied forces with 1.2 million, killing more than 30,000 people, while the other side only killed 4 people, but dozens of people died of illness.

[34] Lu Ye Hongji, a Taoist priest in Liao Dynasty, wrote poems expressing his regret for being born in a barbarian country and his desire to be a China (Song) person in the afterlife. Similarly, Song Renzong celebrated his sixth year (1046), and korean king Zhuan Wang wrote poems to express similar wishes.

When the Southern Song Dynasty perished, Japan mourned the demise of the Great Song Dynasty. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan built 7,000 ships to attack because of Japan's actions and Japanese shipowners' failure to pay tribute. As a result, the fleet was destroyed by the storm, and the Japanese called this wind "kamikaze" from now on. The "Kamikaze Death Squad" in World War II came from this allusion. After Ming's death, both Korea and Japan thought China was dead. Japan, which thought China was orthodox, once launched anti-Qing wars such as the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 under the banner of "xenophobia". As two subordinate foreign countries that sincerely dumped China's civilization, Japan and North Korea are still biased against China due to the decline of the culture of the suzerain country. Due to the destruction of books in Qing Dynasty, professors from Chinese Department and History Department of China University often go to Japan and South Korea to consult the ancient books of China today, so as to write insightful ancient documents and historical papers.