During the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, there were many most popular surnames in southern China, the most famous being "four surnames and five sons", namely, Meng, Li, Yao, Dong and Mao, and dozens of county surnames were recorded.

There are always different opinions about the origin of cuan clan. There is a passage about the origin of cuan clan in Yan Long Bei: "Its predecessor is the mysterious Zhou of Zhuan Xu and Yin of Zhu Rong, a gifted scholar." Zhuan Xu and Zhu Rong are both figures in the ancient legends of China. He also said that "Wen Zi is famous for its virtue in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Ban Lang Shao has a comprehensive season". Wen Zi was the Lingyin of Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, followed by Ban Lang, who took Ban as his surname. Later, it was said that Ban Gu, a great historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Ban Chao, a western region in Weizhen, were their ancestors. "At the end of the Han Dynasty, the fiefs were collected in cities according to the local conditions." The surname was changed at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. "It was Zusu, Wei Shangshu's servant shot Henan Yin", and later "moved to Yong Shu and flowed south". This is the explanation of cuan clan's ethnic origin after he came to power in the Eastern Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. On this basis, some scholars believe that the hero moved to Nanzhong only in the Jin Dynasty, which is not the same as cuan clan recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms. However, it is the habit of many people who set up monuments for themselves to paint all the prominent figures in history as their ancestors. Therefore, the credibility of these ancestral words on Yan Longyan tablet is doubtful and can only be used as a reference. It is even less credible to say that the surname was obtained at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. If it is only in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 265 ~ 3 16), it is only 100 years since Yan Longyan died (AD 446), and the tablet also says "Shu 'an IX, thousands of families flourish" and "hometown is marked by four surnames", 100. So what is said in the tablet is mostly postscript. We can confirm that cuan clan is a Han nationality who moved from the Central Plains. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he became the most powerful surname in southern China and entered the political arena.

The earliest recorded in cuan clan is Xixi, and the earliest recorded in the late Eastern Han Dynasty is the Jianling County Order. Obviously, cuan clan already had considerable influence in South China at that time. Xi is at odds with the long surname in-laws Li Hui was the general who later pacified Zhuge Liang of Shu Han in Central and South China. Therefore, Xi may have colluded with Meng Huo and others at that time to jointly resist the attack. After pacifying Nanzhong, Meng Huo was recruited as an official first. During Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, Xi 'an led the elite of South China to join the army and took part in the famous battle of Jieting. Sima's destruction of Shu, the most popular trilogy in the south after the establishment of the Western Jin regime, competed with Sun Wu's regime for the toe-to-toe area (now northern Vietnam). The leading generals were Xian Xiong and Xian Gu, and Xian Gu was also appointed as the commander-in-chief in front of the 8 Jin Army. This batch of the most popular armed forces sent to Jiaotoe began to win, occupied Jiaotoe and repelled several offensives launched by Wu Jun. Later, Wu sent troops to fight, but these most popular armed forces were completely annihilated. However, the cuan clan family continued to maintain a strong power in southern China.

At the turn of the Jin Dynasty, the political situation in the south was very complicated. The regime established by the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Di people in Sichuan competed for South China. Both sides have to rely on the local superior forces, and the superior forces in South China also have their own positions, depending on different regimes and competing with each other. In cuan clan, they also violated each other. For example, it is said that the governor of Liangshui County was connected with the Han Cheng regime in southern Yunnan today, and attacked the Dianchi Lake area occupied by the secretariat of Ningzhou in the Jin Dynasty, and was later killed. However, Chen Xian did what he wanted to do and replaced the quantity after it was killed. Cheng Han defeated the Eastern Jin forces in South China and surrendered. Cheng Han set up Ningzhou and Jiaozhou in South China, taking Huo Biao and Chen Xian as the secretariat respectively, which shows that cuan clan has become the dominant surname in South China at that time. Later, Huo's power was defeated, and the most popular power in the south was cuan clan, who ruled the south alone, but still served the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the later Southern Dynasties, that is, they recognized these regimes as orthodox and nominally under their jurisdiction. Until the early Sui Dynasty, the war on the mainland and the change of political power did not affect the cuan clan family's rule over South China.

Some people may ask, where have all the big names in Central and South China gone? Except for some who died out in the long struggle, it should be said that most of the most popular names have become officials of the cuan clan family, and together with cuan clan, they constitute the ruling class in South China. The names inscribed in the Monument to Jilong Yan are all cuan clan officials, including Meng, Zhou, Zhao, Li, Mao and Chen. They should be descendants of the most popular surnames in the Han and Wei Dynasties, but their power is weak and they can only be vassals of cuan clan.

After cuan clan ruled South China, land and names appeared. The so-called Cuanxia refers to the area ruled by Cuanxia clan from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, not all of the south-central Han Dynasty, but equivalent to Jianning County (now central Yunnan), Xinggu County (now southern Yunnan) and Zhudi County (now northeast Yunnan and Guizhou) in the Shu and Han Dynasties. Yunnan County in the west (now Erhai area), Yongchang County and Yang Ke County in the east have become areas controlled by several ethnic tribes, while Yuefu County in the northwest is still controlled by the mainland regime because it is close to Sichuan. In this region, because there were fewer wars than the mainland at that time, the economy and culture continued to develop, and because of the differences in social and cultural development, two major regions-the eastern region and the western region-were formed. The eastern region is roughly equivalent to the land of Judy County in the past, and the western region is mainly Jianning County and Xinggu County.

The so-called land, in addition to the Han immigrants who moved from the mainland in succession during the Han and Jin Dynasties, there are many ethnic minorities living in this land for generations. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty opened the southwest, there were tribes such as Huonan, Dian Man and Yelang who were engaged in settled agriculture, and there were also tribes such as Zuoman and Kunman who were engaged in nomadic activities. With the cultural exchange and social development, although Zuo Ren has maintained the tradition of engaging in animal husbandry, it has gradually begun to engage in settled agriculture, which has expanded its influence. There are many records about Zuo Shuai in the literature, which shows that the society of Zuo Ren has developed greatly, and there is no longer a "monarch" but a powerful tribal leader. Under the special administrative system of the border county system in Han Dynasty, the leaders of all ethnic groups ruled their tribes under the jurisdiction of the satrap and county magistrate, while the Han residents were directly under the jurisdiction of the satrap and county magistrate. There are frequent economic and cultural exchanges among ethnic groups.

During the Shu-Han period, after Zhuge Liang put down the chaos in Daxing in the south, he took a series of measures to strengthen the power of Daxing, such as directly assigning some ethnic minorities to Daxing as a trilogy, which broke the pattern of dividing the rule between Yi and Han. In order to consolidate its power, Daxing also frequently intermarried with ethnic minorities. According to documents, the eldest surname and Yi Shuai became in-laws, named "Ye Yi", and they have been married for generations, named "Yi Bai Shi Ye", and they are the same flesh and blood. Through the marriage with Yi Shuai, Daxing strengthened its political ties and formed a local force that kept pace with the rule of the Central Plains Dynasty. For example, Li Yi, a captain of Nanyi appointed by the Western Jin Dynasty (that is, the highest official in charge of the whole South China), killed Li He, the person who was most opposed to him. These two men and the five influential tea barbarians and jade ages were "extremely rich". As a result, Lingcheng took revenge with Yi Shuai and some of his favorite men. The war lasted for seven or eight years, which actually paralyzed the rule of the Western Jin Dynasty in South China. Frequent intermarriage will inevitably lead to frequent cultural exchanges. After cuan clan ruled South China, the political forces of the feudal dynasty basically withdrew from South China. Because Han residents are only a minority in southern China, Yi Shuai still has a strong influence. Cuan clan and his leading surname need to rely on the power of Yi Shuai to maintain their rule over the people of all ethnic groups in South China, while intermarriage is to mix the leading surname with Yi Shuai. Later, the leading surname also became a tribal leader. Cuan clan is not only the administrative ruler of the land. Even become the leader of the traditional religion that the local people believe in-"GREAT GHOST Erzhu" (some scholars have suggested that "ghost master" is not a religious leader, but a direct transliteration of the leader, which can also be prepared). The following Han people and working people of all ethnic groups help each other, communicate with each other and marry each other in the long-term productive labor. You have me and I have you, and the boundaries between ethnic groups gradually disappear, resulting in a new name-Ren Xun. That is to say, corresponding to the great ethnic integration in the Yellow River basin in the north at that time, there was also a great ethnic integration in the southwest, but the ethnic integration in the southwest produced a new ethnic community.

There has always been a great debate about which ethnic groups in South China represented by cuan clan include Li, Meng, Dong, Huo, Mao, Lu and Yin. Some people suggest that the surnames in Nanzhong include not only the Han nationality, but also the leaders of local ethnic minorities. In particular, they believe that Meng in the Eastern Han Dynasty was once the "Yan Daojun" (see Zhaotong Mengbei), and "Dao" was a county-level administrative unit specially established in areas where ethnic minorities lived in concentrated communities during the Qin and Han Dynasties, and Meng should be a descendant of ethnic minority leaders. Meng Huo in the Three Kingdoms was convinced by the Yi and Han people and led them to fight Zhuge Liang's army. He should also be the leader of ethnic minorities. I believe that most surnames are attached to local tyrants in their previous lives, which is not credible.

However, as the landlord of the Han nationality, the surname is very different from Yi Shuai, the leader of the ethnic minorities. Meng Xiaoju was first of all an Yandaojun, but he was the order or leader of Yandao (i.e. county magistrate), not the leader of ethnic minorities. Although the description of Daxing's predecessor is inaccurate, it cannot be used to deny the identity of Daxing's descendants of Han immigrants. Especially from the archaeological excavation of "Liangdui" tomb, it should be Han culture, and no ethnic minorities have been found. So Nanzhong's surname should be Han nationality.