It was not until Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, that the brewing technology of grapes and wine was reintroduced from the Western Regions. At that time, wine was quite popular, the brewing technology was quite developed, and the flavor and color were better. This is a moderns, where all the literati drank from the Manchu emperor to the ordinary people.
By the end of the Qing dynasty, due to the decline of national strength and constant wars, the people could not even meet the basic food and clothing, and the wine industry was even more decadent.
Until 1892, overseas Chinese established vineyards and wineries in Yantai, namely Changyu Grape Brewing Company, introduced excellent grape varieties from the west and mechanized production methods, and changed wine storage containers from Weng to oak barrels, becoming the only winery operated by China people themselves. Only then did the modern wine production in China begin, and the production technology reached a new level.
Wine contains three nutrients needed by human body to maintain life activities: vitamins, sugar and protein. Glucose is an indispensable nutrient for human beings to maintain life and keep fit, and it is also the main source of human energy. There are 24 kinds of amino acids in wine, which are indispensable nutrients for human body. There are many organic acids in wine, such as grape acid, citric acid, malic acid, etc., mostly from grape juice. They can effectively mediate the nerve center, relax muscles and promote blood circulation, and are indispensable nutrients for mental workers and manual workers. Dry red wine also contains vitamins such as Ve, Vb and VB2, and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and sodium. Among them, the combination of minerals and trace elements far exceeds the best quality mineral water.
& ltP> red wine contains a lot of polybasic acids, so it has an excellent effect on preventing cardiovascular diseases, helping to prevent diseases such as arteriosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, and also has important functions such as reducing the risk of osteoporosis and "caring skin".
In the minds of ordinary people, enjoying life always seems to run counter to health. Wine has proved to us that enjoyment and health can be enjoyed at the same time, as long as it is not excessive. 1992, an epidemic occurred in the United States and Canada. Pathologist C. Ellison pointed out: In France, people often eat high-fat foods, and the average cholesterol content of French people is not lower than that of other countries, but the death rate of heart disease in France is the lowest among industrialized countries, and its incidence rate is only 60% of that in the United States. The secret of living longer than that in the United States lies in frequent drinking.
First, the health function of wine
1, increase appetite
The bright colors and clear and transparent posture of wine are pleasing to the eye; Pour it into the cup, and the aroma of fruit and wine is fragrant; When tasting, the tannins in the wine are slightly astringent, which promotes appetite. All these make the human body in a comfortable and pleasant state, which is beneficial to physical and mental health.
2. Nourishing effect
Wine contains sugar, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. These are all essential nutrients for human body. Without pre-digestion, it can be directly absorbed by human body. Especially for people who are weak, drinking a proper amount of wine often is conducive to restoring health. Phenols and trace elements in wine have the function of oxidants, which can prevent human metabolism. Reactive oxygen species (Ros) is harmful to human body (such as DNA and RNA in cells) and is one of the factors leading to some degenerative diseases, such as cataract, cardiovascular disease, arteriosclerosis and aging. Therefore, drinking wine in moderation often has the effect of preventing aging and prolonging life.
3. Help digestion
Protein is the best table drink. Wine can stimulate gastric acid to secrete gastric juice, and every 60- 100g of wine can increase gastric juice secretion 120ml. Tannin in wine can increase the contraction of smooth muscle fibers in intestinal muscle system and regulate the function of colon. Has certain curative effect on colitis. Sweet white wine contains sorbitol, which helps digestion and prevents constipation.
4. Weight loss effect
Wine can lose weight. Every liter of dry wine contains 525 calories, which is only 65,438+0/65,438+05 of the average daily calorie required by human body. After drinking wine, it can be directly absorbed and digested by the human body, and it will be completely consumed within 4 hours without gaining weight. Therefore, people who often drink dry wine can not only supplement the water and various nutrients needed by the human body, but also help to lose weight.
5, diuretic effect
Some liquors contain high contents of potassium tartrate, potassium sulfate and potassium oxide, which has diuretic effect, can prevent edema and maintain acid-base balance in the body.
6, sterilization effect
The bactericidal effect of wine has long been recognized. For example, colds are common and frequently-occurring diseases, and antibacterial substances in wine can inhibit influenza viruses. The traditional method is to drink a glass of hot wine or a glass of red wine after heating, add an egg and stir, that is, stop heating and drink after cooling slightly. Studies show that the bactericidal effect of wine is because it contains antibacterial and bactericidal substances.
Second, the auxiliary therapeutic effect of wine on some diseases
1, alcohol and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Proanthocyanidins in wine can stably form collagen fibers of various membranes and inhibit histidine decarboxylation. , avoid? Produce too much ammonia, reduce the permeability of blood vessel wall and prevent arteriosclerosis. In addition, the risk of death from proanthocyanidin infarction. According to the statistics of the American Medical Research Association, French and Italians who like to drink low-alcohol wine have the lowest death rate from heart disease, while Americans and Finns who drink more and drink less have a high death rate from heart disease.
2. The preventive and therapeutic effects of wine on cerebral thrombosis
Wine contains resveratrol, which is a plant antitoxin and can inhibit platelet aggregation. Veratrum in wine exists in grape skin, which is a new grape? Glucagon contains about 1 microgram per liter in red wine, but only 0.2 microgram in white wine. Experiments show that even if red wine is diluted 1000 times, it can still effectively inhibit platelet aggregation, with an inhibition rate of 42%, which can reduce the occurrence of cerebral thrombosis.
3. Wine can prevent and treat kidney calculi.
German scientists found in their research that moderate drinking of wine can prevent kidney calculi. Recently, medical scientists from the Medical Research Institute of Munich University pointed out that the traditional view that drinking more drinks can prevent kidney calculi is unscientific and incomplete, and the most important thing is to look at what kind of drinks to drink. Through the clinical observation of 45,000 healthy people and patients, the researchers confirmed that people who drink regularly and moderately are unlikely to get kidney calculi. Researchers found that people who drink different drinks in moderation have different risks of kidney calculi. People who drink a quarter liter of coffee every day have a 65,438+00% lower risk of kidney calculi than people who don't have this habit. Drinking black tea often is low14%; People who drink regularly have the least chance of developing kidney calculi-the risk is 36% lower than those who are not used to drinking.
4. Alcohol can prevent breast cancer.
The latest experimental results show that wine has a strong inhibitory effect on cancer by feeding mice that induce cancer. Researchers from Illinois Pharmaceutical University chose mulberry, peanut and grape skin-the strongest anticancer activity. American scientists have recently discovered that wine contains a chemical that can prevent breast cancer. Williams told a news conference in Washington that they found a substance in red wine and white wine that can prevent breast cancer. This substance has this effect because it can resist estrogen, which is associated with breast cancer.
5. Alcohol can inhibit fat absorption.
Japanese scientists found that red wine can inhibit fat absorption, and some mice did experiments. After drinking wine for a period of time, mice found that the absorption rate of fat in the intestine slowed down, and the same conclusion was reached in clinical trials on people.
6, red wine to prevent retinal degeneration.
Harvard University found that red wine can prevent macular degeneration. Macular degeneration is caused by the free of harmful oxygen molecules, which damages the macula in the body. Wine, especially red wine, contains resveratrol, a substance that can eliminate oxygen migration and protect the visual senses from it. Experiments have confirmed that people who often drink a small amount of red wine are 20% less likely to suffer from macular degeneration than those who don't drink.
7. Alcohol helps to improve memory.
The experimental results published by scientists show that moderate drinking helps to improve brain memory and learning ability. After a lot of experiments, two doctors from Milan University found that drinking wine in moderation can promote the brain to produce a certain amount of chemicals, which can promote the production of a memory related to nerve cells. According to the measurement, after drinking wine, the production of this kind of wine enhances the memory and learning ability of the brain compared with people who don't drink. Another doctor found that obese patients who drink alcohol properly during weight loss will maintain vigorous energy and will not be depressed because of dieting, which will lead to memory loss.
8. Alcohol can prevent colds.
So far, there is no good strategy for influenza in the world, because the influenza virus is resistant to most drugs. But the study found that people who drink wine often seldom catch a cold. This phenomenon attracted attention, and they added red liquor and grape juice to the virus culture solution for experiments. The results showed that common cold viruses such as herpes simplex virus and coxsackie virus could lose their vitality in wine and juice, and the juice extracted from grape skin was the best. Scientists believe that this is because grapes contain "phenol" compounds, which can form a thin film on the surface of the virus, making it difficult for it to enter human cells, thus achieving the effect of preventing and treating colds. Because "phenol" mainly exists in grape skins, drinking hot red wine when you have a cold can alleviate cold symptoms and prevent colds.