Eating zongzi is another food custom to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival. There is a folk legend about the origin of zongzi: After Qu Yuan was martyred in the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the people of the State of Chu sailed every year and threw rice in bamboo tubes into the Guluo River to show their respect for Qu Yuan. During the reign of Liu Xiujian, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-55), there was a man named Ou Hui in Changsha who said that he met a man who claimed to be a doctor Qu Yuan during the day and said to him, "The bamboo rice you sacrificed to me every year was eaten by the dragon. In the future, you can put mugwort leaves on the mouth of a bamboo tube and tie them with five-color silk, because Xiaolong is most afraid of this kind of thing. " Say that finish, people disappeared.
Later, Ou Hui told everyone about it, and everyone passed it on again, and everyone followed suit, so Zongzi came into being. In fact, Zongzi came into being before Qu Yuan's life. According to relevant literature, at first, brown seeds only cooked glutinous rice and kneaded it into a ball. One was eaten by himself, and the other was thrown into the river to worship the dragon god.
The Evolution History of Zongzi
Zongzi is also called jiaozi. Compendium of Materia Medica records: "The custom is to make zongzi. The ancients cooked glutinous rice with reed leaves wrapped in millet into sharp corners, such as palm leaves, which were called corn. Now glutinous rice is used more. " This explains the shape and raw materials of zongzi. However, the story of "Dizhi" in the early Zhou Dynasty, "In midsummer, leaves were wrapped with glutinous rice at the beginning of the Dragon Boat Festival, cooked with chestnut and jujube ash juice, and wrapped with yin and yang at every festival, also known as Qu Yuan", shows that the custom of eating brown at the Dragon Boat Festival began in memory of Qu Yuan. Chu people paid tribute to Qu Yuan by hanging rice from a bamboo tube and throwing it into the water, calling it "tube zongzi", but why did it change to burnt zongzi later? Hunan story is going to have a legend. During the Jianwu period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ou Hui, a native of Changsha, saw a man one day. He claimed to be Qu Yuan, a doctor in San Lv, and said to Ou Hui, "The bamboo rice you sacrificed to me every year was swallowed by the dragon. In the future, you can wrap zongzi with mugwort leaves and tie it with five-color silk thread. Xiaolong is most afraid of these things. " Since then, people have used mugwort leaves to wrap corn as corn, and zongzi has also been changed into corn zongzi.
The first evolution was in the Eastern Han Dynasty, when rice was packed in bamboo tubes and palm seed was wrapped in single leaves (leaves outside pods), reed leaves or palm leaves, forming a triangle or quadrilateral. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the customs said: "It is customary to wrap millet in leaves and cook it in pure ash juice, which will be ripe on May 5 and summer." We not only learned about the practice of Zongzi at that time, but also learned that Zongzi in the Eastern Han Dynasty was not just a traditional holiday food, and people often ate Zongzi in summer. Thus, Zongzi was just an ordinary food in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
During the Western Jin Dynasty, Zongzi gradually became the traditional food of Dragon Boat Festival. During this period, eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival became very popular. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, dumplings were only made of millet or glutinous rice with dates and chestnuts, which were usually wrapped at home during the Dragon Boat Festival.
In the Tang Dynasty, Zongzi not only became a folk food, but also was cherished by the court. Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem: "Flowers compete for four seasons, and nine dumplings compete for novelty." It seems that Tang feels good about eating zongzi, and his evaluation of zongzi is also very high. At the same time, it can also make us vaguely feel the grandeur of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Because of the small zongzi, it actually caused the elegance of the emperor's poems. Not only that, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people will "make rice balls and corn into rice balls and put them in a golden plate", so that people can shoot with a small angle bow, and if they miss, they will not be able to eat them. Probably this song and dance game of eating zongzi triggered the pleasure of Tang Emperor. In Tang Dynasty, Yao He's poem "All the fishing songs ring and the wind blows the horn" shows that zongzi has become a popular food in the folk market. At this time, all kinds of nuts were added to the stuffing of zongzi, and a shop specializing in making and selling zongzi appeared in Chang 'an, the capital. "Geng's family has brown seeds and white jade is like jade" is the evaluation of Tang Dynasty poet Duan after eating Zongzi from Geng's shop.
In Song Dynasty, there were persimmon, ginkgo and red beans in brown seeds. Wrap pod leaves and potato leaves for external use and cook. In addition, there were "Qiaozongzi" in the recipe of Zongzi at that time, and "Ai Xiang Zongzi" made of rice soaked in mugwort leaves, which shows that the variety of Zongzi has gradually increased.
In the Ming Dynasty, jiaozi was wrapped in reed leaves, and jiaozi included bean paste, pork, peach kernel, walnut and honey. The emergence of jiaozi with minced meat has made a new breakthrough in the varieties of jiaozi.
In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, another kind of meat dumplings called "ham zongzi" appeared, which made the varieties of meat dumplings more and more abundant.
Ancient poems about zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival
1, after the death wave, it is an ordinary orchid. Colorful green zongzi, fragrant white jade balls. The dead are gone, and the hardships are sweet, but today is joy. -Ten Poems about Summer by Tang Yuanzhen (10)
2, Zhu Yan is old, the breeze is good, gathering but not decreasing. The interesting wax wine was poured deeply, and the calamus was thin, sitting around the children. I also came to the tern dance with Zimei and Jiangxia. -Song Dynasty step "Never met the Dragon Boat Festival"
3, Zhu Yan is old, the breeze is good, and it is not reduced. The interesting wax wine was poured deeply, and the calamus was thin, sitting around the children. I also came to the tern dance with Zimei and Jiangxia. -Song Dynasty step "Never met the Dragon Boat Festival"
4. It won't work. Mourning tends to be a custom, but it is not bad to pray with Pu wine. The temples add white heads day by day, and pomegranates bloom year by year. -Tang Yin Pan Yao's Dragon Boat Festival.
5, colorful boats, watching dragon boats in pairs, the waves are like the tide. It's amazing. Difficult to draw, stir up waves and fly in the snow between lakes. Poetry about Zongzi _ Poetry about Zongzi _ Poetry about Zongzi _ Poetry about Zongzi _ Poetry about Dragon Boat Festival. Draw drums and thunder, red flag and lightning, and win the championship. -Huang Song Shang "Dragon Boat Festival, Lake on the Qian Ying"
6. Sun Yat-sen Xunzi leans on new makeup, and Yan Ji, the daughter, is good at it. -"Bianjing Yuanxi"
7, the breeze does not break the dust, and the jade hairpin is drunk. -Song Sushi's Huanxisha Dragon Boat Festival
8. On the fifth day, I asked for sacrifices, and nine customs carved tigers to evoke souls. -Song Songqi's Qu Yuan Temple
9. It rains every year during the Dragon Boat Festival, which seems to be a grievance of Qu Yuan and Chen. I want to talk to anyone I want. -Song Zhao Fan's "Three Songs of the Dragon Boat Festival" Second Song
10, clothes and makeup are everywhere, and the lights on the sixth street are children. -"Kyoto Yuanxi"
1 1, in the midsummer of the Dragon Boat Festival, young people grow up again. -Tang, "Dragon Boat Festival Wucheng Hall Banquet"
12, the official uniform is also famous, and the Dragon Boat Festival is an honor. The fragrant silk is spun into fine kudzu vine, and the soft wind blows as white as new snow. -Tang Du Fu's "Giving Clothes at Noon"
13, jiaozi, Taoliu, Yingmen drinking together, carved calamus, etc. -the famous word "Dragon Boat Festival" is out of tune.
14, five-color new silk wrapped in jiaozi, golden plate sent, raw silk painted fan plate with double phoenix. It's time to bathe orchids, and calamus wine is beautiful and respectful. -Song Ouyang Xiu's "Fish Family Passion"
15, Good Wine Shen Zui Festival, Very Wine, One Song. -Song Sushi's "Children's Dragon Boat Festival Gifts to Huang Shou Xu Junyi"