After the signing of treaty of nanking, it was this first paragraph that made the courtiers and courtiers of Daoguang and Manchu furious!
When Li Xingyuan, then the political envoy of Jiangsu Province, saw the treaty at first sight, he was furious and stamped his foot and shouted, "It's really short of breath to look at the contract to send money to Jiangnan." I was in Jin 'ou, and suddenly I fell down, until the barbarian and the emperor merged! "
Treaty of nanking belongs to the alliance at the door and must be signed. However, it was forced to open five ports. Later, Chinese and foreign countries were mixed, which really made the Qing Dynasty lose face and the scholars in the world feel ashamed.
Liang Zhangju, the former governor of Jiangsu Province, is from Fuzhou. On the day of signing the treaty, he was heartbroken to hear that Fuzhou had become an open port. He said: "Jiangnan (referring to Jiangsu), Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces are only allowed to have a horse's head, but Fujian province must add a horse's head to charm." What can we say about this? " Moreover, Shanghai in the south of the Yangtze River, Ningbo in Zhejiang, Xiamen in Fujian and Macao in Guangdong were originally trade zones, but Fuzhou did not do so after the founding of the People's Republic of China. "
To tell the truth, in this war, the British combatants were not from China, but in order to shirk the responsibility of failure, the Qing government always said that the British were not their opponents, but were betrayed by "traitors", which led to failure.
The History of China in Cambridge in the late Qing Dynasty also said: "In the traditional military history of China, one of the standard methods to capture a fortified city is to bribe or persuade' internal forces' to open the gates from the city. Because many officials played the Qing emperor and blamed many failures on' spies', Manchu generals tended to think that the British army mainly relied on the fifth column.
Therefore, according to China people's inherent mindset, there are heroes and scum, and there are positive people who defend their country and there are villains. For example, Guan Tianpei died. Why did he die?
People refused to sum up the reasons for the failure from the battlefield, and all thought that Guan Tianpei was defeated and died because Qishan betrayed the country. Similarly, the defeat of Ge and Yu Qian in Dinghai was also considered a bad thing by Yu Buyun. The heroic sacrifice of Chen Huacheng, the prefect of Jiangnan, is the responsibility of Niu Jian and others. That is to say, Qi Shan, Yu Buyun, Niu Jian, Old Citizen, Yi Libu and others are all identified as traitors, and they are also big traitors.
Extended data:
Wang Xianming said in his book Yesterday-A Documentary of the Opium War between China and Britain: The earliest traitors had no such definite meaning at all. The "traitor" who originated from Guangzhou's foreign exchanges is such a figure. Do you work as a waiter in a foreigner's business hall? Are you asked to teach Chinese to the son of an English businessman? traitor
Are you driving a boat to send water and vegetables to foreign ships parked in the estuary (of course, small business is to get money)? Traitor: Are you a doctor who often goes to the business hall to see foreigners? Traitors ... not to mention comprador and general manager who specialize in eating food in commercial restaurants. In short, when the word traitor appeared, all people who worked for foreign businessmen were traitors.
From the British side, they came to live in China from far away, and they had to turn to the local people for help to a great extent. These people, such as porters and vegetable farmers, do not care about the outcome of the war, nor do they pursue any national justice. If the British hire them to carry goods and buy food from them, they will not refuse.
And these people, under the investigation of the Qing government, all wore the big hat of "traitors", and often their families were ruined.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-treaty of nanking