The Han Dynasty, which appeared after the short Qin Dynasty in China's history, was divided into two historical periods: the Western Han Dynasty (202-8 BC) and the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD), which later historians also called the Han Dynasty.
The Western Han Dynasty was founded by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, with Chang 'an as its capital. The Eastern Han Dynasty was founded by Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital. In the meantime, there was a brief new dynasty (AD 8-23) in which Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty and stood on his own feet. In addition, some scholars listed Shu Han as a continuation of the Han Dynasty and classified it as a part of the Han Dynasty, so that the Han Dynasty died in 263, but most of them classified the Shu Han regime established by Liu Bei as the history of the Three Kingdoms.
The Han Dynasty was a great historical period in the world at that time. During the period from Emperor Gaozu to Han Wenjing, the economic strength of the Han Dynasty soared, becoming the first empire in the East, and being called two empires together with western Rome. The powers in Central Asia and the Western Regions are also frightened. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Empire had become the most powerful empire in the administrative area of the Han Empire in the world, and the Xiongnu Empire was defeated and fled north. Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions opened up the famous "Silk Road" for the first time, and opened the channel of East-West trade. From then on, China became the center of the world trade system until the Mongolian rebellion more than 1000 years later. It is precisely because the voice of the Han Dynasty spread far and wide that foreigners began to call China "Han", and Han people were happy to call themselves that. Since then, "Han" has become the eternal name of the great Chinese nation in China.
At first, in the Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bangshi judged Zhengshuo as Shuide according to the five virtues, and it was revised as Tude when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It was not until Wang Mang established a new dynasty and adopted Liu Xiang and Liu Xin's father and son that he thought that the Han Dynasty belonged to Huode. After the restoration of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu officially acknowledged this statement, and from then on, it was established that the orthodox moon of the Han Dynasty was a fire virtue, which was adopted in the historical books of the Eastern Han Dynasty and later, such as Hanshu and the History of the Three Kingdoms. Therefore, the Han Dynasty was sometimes called "Han Yan", and it was also called "Yan Liu" because the emperor of the Han Dynasty was surnamed Liu.
The second unified dynasty in China was founded by Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu. Chang 'an is the capital of its early period, also known as the Western Han Dynasty and the Pre-Han Dynasty. The restoration map of Chang 'an, the capital of Luoyang in the later period, is also called the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Later Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty was a prosperous dynasty in the early feudal society of China. It inherited and consolidated the unified country that began in the Qin Dynasty, with prosperous economy, strong national strength and happy people, showing a scene of peace and prosperity. During this period, China has been standing in the world as a world power. Therefore, the Western Han Dynasty is regarded as the first golden age in the history of China. In the Western Han Dynasty, * * * spread to the 14th Emperor, which lasted 2 10 years.
The Western Han Dynasty is an important period in the development history of the Chinese nation, and the core Han nationality of all ethnic groups in China appeared in this period. Since the unification of China by Qin Shihuang, the cultures of various countries infiltrated and merged in the pre-Warring States period. In the Western Han Dynasty, China gradually unified in many aspects, such as laws and regulations, language, culture and education, customs and habits, thus forming the * * * China culture. Since then, a unified Han nationality has emerged among all ethnic groups in China. Both the Han nationality and the surrounding ethnic minorities were members of the multi-ethnic countries in China in the Han Dynasty. Because of its high degree of civilization, the Han nationality has always been in a dominant position among the fraternal nationalities in China, which is the result of historical development and natural formation. Since the Han Dynasty, although the name of the dynasty has changed, the status of the Han nationality as the main ethnic group in China has never changed.
A book about Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: Biography of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Author: Yang
Publishing House: People's Publishing House
Complete biography of emperor Wu of Han dynasty
Author: Wang Jicheng
Press: Shaanxi Tourism Publishing House
Comments of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty-a series of comments by China thinkers.
Author: Zhuang Chunbo
Press: Nanjing University Press
Han Wu Da Di
Author: Zhang Yunfeng
Publishing House: Sanqin Publishing House
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