Bronchial asthma caused by repeated mycoplasma infection in children
First, what is mycoplasma infection?
Mycoplasma pneumonia is one of the important pathogens of respiratory tract infection in children, which is widely distributed all over the world and can occur all year round. It is reported that mycoplasma pneumoniae accounts for 10-30% of all kinds of pneumonia, reaching 50% in the peak year, and the epidemic situation lasts for 1-2 years. For children, mycoplasma infection can last for weeks, months or even years.
Characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Diffusion: water droplets
Incubation period: 1-3 weeks
Susceptible population: Children aged 1- 10, especially preschool children aged 1-6, have a high incidence of mycoplasma infection.
Clinical symptoms: Mycoplasma pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which was the most common pathogen in the past. It can cause epidemic, accounting for about 10% of all kinds of pneumonia, and severe mycoplasma pneumonia can also lead to death. Understanding the early clinical symptoms of mycoplasma infection in children is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment. Because the characteristic of mycoplasma infection is that the incubation period is as long as three weeks, many children infected with mycoplasma will be wrongly treated after symptoms appear, but no blood picture can be found. Therefore, mastering the clinical symptoms of mycoplasma infection can greatly improve the early medication and correct treatment before hemogram reaction, which is of great significance to prevent mycoplasma infection in children from developing into severe pneumonia or other serious complications.
One: fever and chills. Fear of cold is one of the manifestations of fever, and children often feel cold. The first symptom of mycoplasma pneumonia in children is fever. The fever temperature of mycoplasma pneumonia is generally 37 ~ 465438 0℃, and the fever of mycoplasma pneumonia in children is about 39℃. The symptoms and manifestations of mycoplasma pneumonia in children are often persistent or remission. Of course, due to different personal constitutions, some children with mycoplasma pneumonia only have a low fever or even no fever.
Two: cough. Most children with mycoplasma pneumonia cough violently. At first, they often show dry cough, sometimes paroxysmal cough, which is a bit like pertussis in children.
Three: sore throat. Mycoplasma pneumonia in children often causes sore throat in children, and children themselves will feel pain, thus showing anorexia and aversion to water.
Four: expectoration and vomiting. Sputum expectoration is one of the most common symptoms of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Children often cough up white and clear sputum and occasionally have slight bloodshot. When children cough and expectoration, they often have vomiting symptoms. This may aggravate the child's anorexia and skipping meals.
Five: Substernal headache and pain. Children with mycoplasma pneumonia often feel headache, and sometimes they feel pain under the sternum. Children often express "chest pain". Retrosternal pain is also one of the most common symptoms of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. We should do a good job in the prevention of mycoplasma pneumonia in children at ordinary times. Some experts remind that children should pay attention to physical exercise and often engage in outdoor activities. Windows should be opened indoors for ventilation, which can enhance the body's cold resistance and adaptability to environmental temperature changes. Clothes should be increased or decreased in time with the change of temperature to avoid contact with children with persistent dry cough and be alert to mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. During the epidemic season of respiratory infectious diseases, don't take children to public places, distribute nutrition reasonably, don't be picky eaters and partial eclipse, and have enough rest and sleep. Treatment 1. General treatment of respiratory isolation, rest, supply enough water and nutrition.
Symptomatic treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia: fever and severe cough can be treated by atomization,
Antibacterial treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia: Macrolide antibiotics, such as azithromycin and roxithromycin, are the first choice in clinic, which have few gastrointestinal side effects, high body fluid concentration, strong cell penetration, long half-life and small dosage. Because of the long half-life, the drug effect can last 1 week after stopping the drug.
Easy to relapse: Mycoplasma pneumoniae grows slowly, and it is easy to relapse if it is not treated thoroughly.
Complications: In addition to respiratory infection, it can also cause neurological, cardiovascular, blood, urinary, digestive skin, joint pain, eye, nose and other multi-organ and multi-system complications.
Second, the correlation between mycoplasma pneumoniae and asthma
Children infected with mycoplasma have a higher risk of asthma than those who are not infected. In the past, infectious bronchial asthma was listed as the main type of endogenous bronchial asthma, and even many scholars regarded infectious bronchial asthma and endogenous bronchial asthma as the same disease. With the development of medicine, it is gradually realized that respiratory tract infection, especially viral respiratory tract infection, can induce or aggravate airway allergic inflammation, which is one of the main factors causing bronchial asthma. In recent ten years, some authors have observed that the pathogenesis of infectious bronchial asthma also involves IgE and type I allergic reaction.
Third, supplement probiotics Kangminyuan anti-allergic probiotics, reduce serum allergen-specific IgE, regulate immunity and prevent side effects caused by antibiotic use.
Abuse of antibiotics makes variant asthma in allergic cough an epidemic.
After studying the history of human struggle against diseases, epidemiologists pointed out that antibiotics greatly reduced the mortality rate of infectious diseases in the 1950s and 1960s. However, by the mid-1990s, they found that the incidence of two chronic diseases was gradually increasing: various allergic diseases and asthma. Early antibiotic therapy in children is related to the development of allergic diseases and asthma in the later stage, which makes us realize that antibiotics play a negative role in chronic allergic diseases such as asthma caused by immune system dysfunction.
Antibiotics are indeed a magical drug and one of the most important weapons to overcome diseases, but like other drugs, antibiotics also have inevitable side effects. Some side effects of antibiotics are mild, such as fungal infection, which lasts for a short time, while others last for a long time and have serious symptoms, such as diarrhea caused by excessive proliferation of Clostridium difficile.
Among all the side effects, the most obvious and serious consequence is the damage to the immune system, which may affect people's life. Fortunately, we found the possible side effects caused by antibiotics in time, and found a way to prevent or deal with most of the side effects, that is, to prevent side effects by supplementing probiotics during or after treatment.
At present, some top experts in children's respiratory department in China have clearly put forward whether long-term hormone inhalation treatment of allergic cough and asthma will bring harm to children, and combined with the concept of "lung and large intestine inside and outside, treating lung first treating intestine" mentioned by ancient Chinese medicine, therefore, the research on microbial flora of allergic asthma and the application of antiallergic probiotics in the world have solved the immune regulation and antiallergic treatment direction of allergic rhinitis and cough in respiratory tract, which are difficult to be solved by hormones and western medicine. There are not only probiotics in human intestine, but also a large number of microbial flora in respiratory tract, which is directly related to T-reg cells and immune TH 1/TH2 balance. Intestinal flora mediates IgE immune pathway and inhibits IgE allergic antibody by MyD88 signal pathway.
Allergic diseases are the final result of environmental-microbial homeostasis-heredity. Supplementing Kangminyuan, an antiallergic probiotic through microbial barrier, can enhance TH 1 immune response, regulate TH2 immune response which is overreacted due to allergy, and enhance immune allergic ability, which has become the foothold of early prevention and treatment of allergic asthma in allergic cough. If the adjuvant therapy of anti-allergic probiotics is given in the early stage of allergic rhinitis in allergic cough, it will be of great benefit to improve the prognosis of children with variant asthma in allergic cough by reducing the level of IgE and improving their allergic constitution.
Anti-allergic effect of Kangminyuan, an anti-allergic probiotic, on immune induction therapy in children;
The allergic reaction tends to Th2 immune reaction (3 1) because the balance between Th 1/Th2 is destroyed. IL- 12 of macrophages and IFN-γ from T cells are cytokines produced by Th 1 pathway, which can improve the regulation of cellular immune response. IL- 12 stimulates T and NK cells to produce IFN-γ, and promotes immature CD4+ T cells to enter the differentiation pathway of Th 1 (32, 33). IFN-γ also increased the production of IL- 12, decreased the proliferation and activation of Th2 pathway cells, and improved humoral immunity (34).