Battle of Hanzhong
Hanzhong campaign background
In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Cao Cao went south in a big way, but he was defeated by Chibi. Liu Bei took the opportunity to collect Jingzhou counties, based on Jingzhou, and sought a land of profit. Cao Cao, who had no choice but to return to the north, was not idle. Unable to develop southward, he turned his attention to Guanzhong and Northwest China. After defeating Ma Chao and Han Sui, he captured Hanzhong where Zhang Lu was located.
Cao Cao
Because Hanzhong is connected with Shu, Cao Cao's invasion of Hanzhong can completely capture Shu, which is undoubtedly a disaster for the people in Shu who just changed hands, so everyone is afraid that Wei Jun will kill them next moment. Reflection? The biography of Jia Xu,? After Wei Wu and Zhang Lu were beaten, dozens of people were shocked by Shu. Although Liu Bei failed to stop it? .
Cao Cao originally planned to take the opportunity to invade Shu, but at this time there was a rebellion behind Cao Cao. Cao Cao had to retreat, and ordered Xia, Guo Huai, Zhang He to guard Hanzhong and continue to lead troops to the Western Expedition. Within two years, they pursued Ma Chao, defeated Han Sui, destroyed Song Jian, swept Qiang and Bian, and sealed Liangzhou area in a tiger step, and finally basically settled.
Liu Bei also knows the importance of Hanzhong to Shu, but because the land of Shu has just been acquired and has not been completely settled, he is unable to continue fighting in Hanzhong. Seeing that Cao Cao had no intention of continuing the invasion, he took appeasing Shu as his primary task. ?
Liu Bei
In the 20th year of Jian 'an (2 15), just as Cao Wei settled Liangzhou and Liu Bei stabilized Shu, Guan Yu, who was guarding Jingzhou, clashed with Sun Quan, who sent troops to attack Jingzhou, and Liu Bei quickly led the army to support him. At this time, Xia Pai Zhang He attacked Brazil, and he had already attacked the current song. Liu Bei made peace with Sun Quan and led Zhang Fei to break Zhang He at Waka Pass.
After Zhang He withdrew, Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Tong Lei, Wu Lan and others to attack Bian Xia in the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17), while Cao Cao sent Cao Hong, Cao Xiu and Cao Zhen to resist, and the battle of Hanzhong began.
Cao Wei won first and then lost, and the two sides were deadlocked.
At the beginning of the battle of Hanzhong, the war situation was extremely pessimistic for Liu Bei. First, in the 23rd year of Jian 'an (2 18), Cao Hong, at the suggestion of Cao Xiu, raided Ulan while the Shu army was not assembled, and Shu killed Ulan. Ma Chao and Zhang Fei were forced to withdraw. Later, Liu Bei sent Chen Shi to attack Ma Mingge Road, intending to cut off the connection between Hanzhong and Xuchang, but he was defeated by Huang Xu and suffered heavy casualties. ?
Cao Hong ignored Zhang Fei and attacked Wu Lanjun.
The attack was blocked, so Liu Bei had to occupy Yangpingguan in July of the same year, and he was at loggerheads with Xia, Zhang He and others. Cao Cao, on the other hand, transferred troops from Xuchang to Qianjiang to prepare for the rescue of Hanzhong, and arrived in Chang 'an in September of the same year.
In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), Liu Bei abandoned Yangpingguan, crossed Mianshui in the south, camped in Dingjun Mountain, and Xia led the army to rob Dingjun Mountain. Liu Bei sent troops to burn Xia Houyuan's antlers at night; Xia sent Zhang to defend the eastern line and his own southern line. Liu Bei divided more than 10 thousand military forces into ten units and stormed Zhang He in turn. Zhang He led the army to death. Although Liu Bei is dominant, it is difficult to conquer. Xia personally led the army to save Zhang He, while Liu Bei sent Huang Zhong to attack Xia. Huang Zhong attacked Xia from top to bottom, and both Xia and Yizhou secretariat Zhao Qing were killed by Huang Zhong.
Xia died in Dingjun Mountain.
After the death of Xia, the army of Cao in Hanzhong was leaderless, and Guo Huai and Du elected Zhang He to temporarily control the army of Hanzhong, so the morale of Cao Wei was stabilized. This time, it was Zhang He's turn to lead the army into Yangpingguan. Liu Bei tried to push forward, but was blocked by Guo Huai.
In March of the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), Cao Cao personally led an army to Hanzhong and entered Yangpingguan. Liu Bei camped on the mountain, occupied the danger, held on and fought against Cao Cao.
The Battle of Hanshui broke out, and Zhao Yunkong's plan broke Cao Cao.
As the saying goes? The soldiers and horses have not moved, and the food and grass go first? Cao Cao was fully prepared for the battle of Hanzhong and joined the army? Tens of millions of capsules under the Beishan Mountain in Mi Yun? ("Reflection? Zhao Yunchuan ")
Knowing that Cao Cao's reinforcements had arrived, Liu Bei sent someone to Chengdu to ask Zhuge Liang for reinforcements. At this time, Yizhou has insufficient troops. Yang Hong believes that without Hanzhong, there would be no Shu State. What should this critical moment be? Men have to fight, women have to be lucky? , can't hesitate. ("Reflection? Yang Hongchuan ")?
Huang Zhong
After killing Xia, Huang Zhong's morale was high. Seeing that Cao Cao had brought so much food, he suggested Zhao Yun to rob it. Zhao Yun thought that Cao Cao would be heavily guarded in an important place, but such an opportunity should not be missed, so he agreed with Huang Zhong on the return period and ordered him to lead the troops to grab food. The Battle of Hanshui River broke out.
Huang led the soldiers to rob the grain, but he didn't return on time. Zhao Yun was worried about Huang Zhong's accident, so Zhang Yi led the troops to stay in the camp, and he only led dozens of cavalry out to find Huang Zhong. Huang Zhong robbed the grain, so it was an ambush. Zhao Yun went to find it and happened to meet Cao Cao's striker. As a result, Cao Cao's army had been killed just after the two sides had finished teaching. Zhaoyun had to retreat while fighting, with dozens of cavalry, stirring Cao Cao's army into a mess. But after all, Cao Cao was outnumbered, and after the troops were organized, he launched a hunt for Zhao Yun. At this time, Zhang Zhu was wounded by Zhao Yunbu and surrounded by Jun. Zhao Yun, who had already broken through, turned and killed him. After Zhang Zhu was rescued, it broke out again. Zhao Yun went all the way back to the camp, followed by Cao Jun and chased Zhao Yunying. ?
Cao Jun's grain route was cut off in the Battle of Hanshui River.
Zhang Yi, who was guarding the camp, saw that Cao Cao's army was killed and immediately wanted to stay at home. Zhao Yun saw that Cao Jun was strong and had few troops, so it was not a way to protect himself, so he ordered the camp gate to be wide open, which made his troops rest. Seeing this situation, Cao Jun suspected that he had been ambushed and did not dare to attack, so he had to lead the army to retreat. Zhao Yun saw Cao Jun's defeat and immediately drummed into the army, making the soldiers shoot Cao Cao's rear troops with strong crossbows. Cao Jun suddenly changed from retreat to retreat, and from retreat to rout. Countless people stepped on themselves and fell into the Han River and drowned.
Cao Cao had no choice but to withdraw.
The Battle of Hanshui not only caused Cao Cao to lose a large number of soldiers, but also caused the death and decline of General Wang Ping, and his morale dropped to the extreme. What's more, the grain shipped by Cao Cao also suffered heavy losses and lost the ability to continue the stalemate with Liu Bei. Therefore, in the face of Liu Feng's challenge, Cao Cao can only retreat. So, after less than two months of stalemate with Liu Bei, Cao Cao had to give up and quit Hanzhong. ?
Zhao Yun's First Merit in the Battle of Hanzhong
When Wei and Shu confronted each other, the Hanshui War was only a local war, but it broke the balance between the two sides. Most historians of later generations believe that Cao Cao retreated to Hanzhong mainly because of Zhao Yun's early morning. For example, "Zi Jian Gang" written by Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty: In March, the king went out of the inclined valley, and Liu Bei defeated Zhao Yun's army; Yuan Huyigui wrote "The General Theory of the Seventeenth History": Zhao Yun defeated Cao Bing, and Cao Cao returned to Chang 'an, so the emperor had Hanzhong, calling himself the king of Hanzhong; Yuan Zhao wrote the letter "The Last Years of Shu and Han Dynasties": In March, Cao Cao went out of the inclined valley. General Zhao Yun defeated his army. In the summer of May, Cao Cao returned, and Zhao Lie took Hanzhong. Zhang Mingyu wrote Textual Research on Books: Zhao Yun rode thousands of soldiers, defeated Wei and prepared for Hanzhong.