Question 2: What is the research method? Js is doing research.
Question 3: What are the research methods of this paper?
Investigation is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic method to collect materials about the actual situation or historical situation of the research object. Investigation is a basic research method commonly used in scientific research. It comprehensively uses historical methods, observation methods and scientific methods, such as talks, questionnaires, case studies, tests, etc., to have a planned, thorough and systematic understanding of educational phenomena, and to analyze, synthesize, compare and summarize a large number of data collected through investigation, thus providing people with regular knowledge.
Questionnaire survey is the most commonly used survey method, and it is a research method to collect data in the form of written questions, that is, investigators prepare forms for survey items, distribute or mail them to relevant personnel, ask for instructions to fill in answers, and then recycle, sort out, count and study them.
Observation method
Observation method refers to a method in which researchers use their own senses and auxiliary tools to directly observe the research object according to a certain research purpose, research outline or observation table, so as to obtain information. Scientific observation is purposeful, planned, systematic and repeatable. In scientific experiments and investigations, observation has the following functions: ① Expanding people's perceptual knowledge. 2 inspire people's thinking. (3) lead to new discoveries.
experimental method
Experimental method is a scientific research method to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things by changing the main branch and controlling the research object. Its main characteristics are: first, initiative and innovation. Observation and investigation is to understand the research object and find out the problems without disturbing the research object. However, experiments need to actively manipulate experimental conditions, artificially change the existing mode and changing process of objects, and make them obey the needs of scientific understanding. Second, control. Scientific experiments require that according to the needs of research, with the help of various methods and technologies, the interference of various irrelevant factors that may affect science can be reduced or eliminated, so that the research object can be understood in a simplified and purified state. Third, causality. Experiment is an effective tool and necessary way to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things.
Literature research methods
Literature research method is a method to obtain information by investigating literature according to certain research purposes or topics, so as to comprehensively and correctly understand and master the problems to be studied. Literature research methods are widely used in various disciplines. Its functions are as follows: ① It can understand the history and present situation of related problems and help to determine the research topic. ② It can form an overall impression of the research object, which is helpful for observation and visit. ③ Contrast data of real data can be obtained. (4) help to understand the whole picture of things.
Empirical research methods
Empirical research method is a special form of scientific practice research. According to the needs of the existing scientific theory and practice, it puts forward the design, uses scientific instruments and equipment, observes, records and measures the changes of accompanying phenomena, and manipulates purposefully and step by step under natural conditions to determine the causal relationship between conditions and phenomena. The main purpose is to explain the relationship between various independent variables and a dependent variable.
Quantitative analysis method
In scientific research, quantitative analysis can make people know the research object more accurately, so as to reveal the law more scientifically, grasp the essence, clarify the relationship and predict the development trend of things.
Qualitative analysis method
Qualitative analysis is the qualitative analysis of the research object. Specifically, the method of induction and deduction, analysis, synthesis and abstract generalization is used to process the obtained materials, so as to get rid of the rough, get rid of the false and keep the true, understand the essence of things and reveal their internal laws.
Interdisciplinary research methods
The method of using multidisciplinary theories, methods and achievements to conduct a comprehensive study of a subject as a whole is also called "cross-study method". The law of scientific development movement shows that science is highly integrated in high differentiation and forms a unified whole. According to the statistics of relevant experts, there are more than 2,000 disciplines in the world, and the trend of differentiation between disciplines is still intensifying. At the same time, the links between disciplines are getting closer and closer, and there is a unified trend in language, methods and some concepts.
Case study method
Case study method is a research method to identify a specific object among the research objects, investigate and analyze it, and find out its characteristics and formation process. There are three basic types of case studies: (1) personal investigation, that is, investigation and study of a person in an organization; (2) Group investigation, that is, investigation and study of an organization or group; (3) problem investigation, that is, to investigate and study a phenomenon or problem.
Functional analysis > >
Question 4: What does the imaginary research method mean? The general part of the opening report should first put forward the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic, the research status, theoretical application and research methods of related topics
Question 5: What are the research methods? Questionnaire survey, interview, case study, experiment, observation, literature research, etc. 1. Action research method: make a personality research plan, analyze students' practice, and then study, adjust and practice. And summarize the record experience and form valuable words. 2. Data collection method: go deep into the class and students, investigate the current situation of students, collect with different resources, find out the problems, and clarify the research objects. 3. Student-driven method: A few students learn first and go first, which drives and infects the students around him to learn. 4. Educational experiment method: Based on our own teaching classroom, through the changes of students' scientific learning before and after the experiment, we can find a scheme suitable for the development of students' scientific literacy. 5. Case study method: According to the research objectives, guide students to proceed from reality and make study plans to provide effective guidance for the needs of personality development. 6. Literature method: extensively collect and sort out literature materials, such as classic books, celebrity aphorisms, recommended bibliography of curriculum standards, etc., to provide students with contemporary and creative positive reading materials. 7. Education survey method: go deep into the class and individual students, investigate the current situation of students' extracurricular reading, select representative typical cases for careful analysis, identify the problems and clarify the research objects. The basic methods of educational research are as follows: 1. Observation method 1. Observation: In order to know the truth, we can find the essence and law of a phenomenon. 2. Steps of observation: the implementation of observation is divided into the following three steps, one of which is the design of observation research, which can be divided into the following aspects: (1) Make a rough investigation and exploratory observation. The purpose of this step is not to collect materials, but to grasp the basic situation so as to plan the whole observation process correctly. For example, to observe a teacher's teaching work, we should go to school in advance to learn about the teacher's work, students' situation, relevant environment and conditions, and so on. This can be done by talking with teachers and school leaders and consulting some related materials, such as teaching plans, teaching diaries, students' homework and lectures. (2) Determine the purpose and center of observation. According to the characteristics of the research task and research object, what problems should be considered, what materials and conditions are needed, and then make clear provisions. If this provision is not clear, observation cannot be concentrated and the result cannot be in-depth. Don't have a few observation centers, and don't have a wide range. All observations should be made around a center. If you have to observe several centers, then observe them in groups and cooperate with each other. (3) Determining the observation object is to determine the overall scope to be observed; The second is to determine the case object to be observed; The third is to determine the specific items to be observed. For example, in our spare time, we want to study the business and culture of the graduates of secondary normal schools or junior colleges newly assigned to teach in primary schools, so the overall observation is the new teachers who have worked for one or two years. Within this overall scope, we will decide which primary schools to observe and which teachers in which teaching and research groups to observe. After the specific observation list is determined, the time, place and specific observation items to be observed shall be determined. (4) To make an observation plan, in addition to defining the purpose, center and scope of observation, as well as what problems to understand and what materials to collect, we should also arrange the observation process: the frequency, density and duration of each observation, and how to ensure the normality of observation phenomena. (5) Planning and preparing observation means There are generally two kinds of observation means: one is to obtain observation data; The first is the means to save observation data. The main means to obtain observation data is human sensory organs, but sometimes some specially set instruments are needed to help observation, such as observation screens, computer terminal equipment, and more advanced ones such as action reactors. These instruments mainly play two roles: ensuring the objectivity of observation and improving the accuracy of observation. The human brain is a natural organ for storing data. However, this kind of preservation method, which is related to the observation subject, lacks accuracy and persistence, and cannot realize the objectification of data. Therefore, people first use characters, graphics and other symbols, and then use photography, audio recording, video recording and other technical means to accurately and comprehensively record the instantaneous events, events and feelings in the observation process in a permanent way for repeated observation and analysis of data. Either way, preparations should be made before the observation, and the functions of the instruments used in the observation should be checked in advance to ensure that there are no obstacles in the use process. For observers, it is necessary to master the basic methods of using instruments and know what to do in observation. If you want to be detailed and complete ... >>
Question 6: What are the scientific research methods? (1) Openness of the research procedure.
(B) the objectivity of data collection
(3) Controllability of observation and experimental conditions
System analysis method
(v) Repeatability of conclusions.
(6) Foresight of the future
Question 7: What is the main research method of the experiment? First, the control variable method refers to many factors that often change in physical experiments. In order to study the relationship between them, we can control some variables and study the influence of one factor in turn. It is the most widely used research method in junior high school physics experiments, such as experiments to study the factors affecting evaporation speed; Experiments to explore the relationship between current, voltage and resistance; An experiment to explore the relationship between resistance and those factors? ; Experiments to explore the relationship between kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy and these factors; The most typical example is the experiment of "verifying Newton's second law of motion" in high school. Our research method is: first, keep the mass of an object unchanged, study the relationship between acceleration and force, then study the relationship between acceleration and mass under the condition of keeping the force unchanged, and finally get the relationship between acceleration, resultant force and mass of an object comprehensively. Secondly, the accumulation method can reduce the relative error by measuring and averaging the accumulated tiny amount. This method is often used in experiments. For example, by measuring the thickness of a piece of paper, you can measure the thickness of 100 of a piece of paper, and then calculate the thickness of a piece of paper; In the experiment of measuring gravity acceleration with a simple pendulum, it is necessary to measure the period of the simple pendulum, and the time error of measuring a full vibration with a stopwatch is very large, so the time t of measuring 30-50 full vibrations is adopted, so that the period t of the simple pendulum is T=t/n(n is the number of full vibrations). For example, in the experiment of measuring metal resistivity, if there is no spiral micrometer, the metal can be wound around the pencil several times and the diameter of the metal wire can be measured by the total length of the coil. Third, the conversion method Some physical quantities are difficult to measure directly, or some phenomena are difficult to display directly. The variables to be observed can be converted into other variables (physical quantities such as force, heat, sound, light and electricity) for indirect observation and measurement. This is the conversion method. For example, the magnetic strength of a magnet can be displayed by the number of attracting needles; The magnitude of wind can be observed by the degree of bending of trees; Another example is cavendish's experiment of measuring gravitational constant with torsion balance device: its basic thinking method is equivalent transformation. After the torsion of Cavendish Torsion Scale, the T-frame torque caused by gravity and the time line torque caused by elastic deformation are equivalent conversion, which indirectly achieves the unattainable goal. In this experiment, the transformation method is also applied to the measurement of the torsion angle of the time line, not directly, but indirectly through the distance that the reflected light of the plane mirror moves on the scale. Transformation is a higher level thinking method. It is a leap based on a deep understanding of the nature of things. If the curve is straight, it is actually the application of this method. Idealized method: The factors that affect physical phenomena are often complex and changeable. In experiments, we can often ignore some secondary factors or assume some ideal conditions to highlight the essential factors of the phenomenon, so as to facilitate in-depth study and obtain reasonable approximate results in actual situations (in popular words, he means to grasp the big and put the small). For example, in the experiment of "measuring gravity acceleration with a single pendulum", it is assumed that the suspension line cannot extend, ignoring the friction of the suspension point and the air resistance of the ball during the swing; In the electrical experiment, in fact, the idealized method is adopted to change the voltmeter into an ideal voltmeter with infinite internal resistance and the ammeter into an ideal ammeter with internal resistance equal to 0. Fourth, the amplification method is often used for phenomena, changes and small physical quantities to be measured. According to the nature of the experiment and the object of amplification, the physical methods used for amplification are different. For example, the spiral micrometer used in the experiment of "measuring metal resistivity" advances (or retreats) 0.5 mm on the main ruler, and there are 5n equal parts on the corresponding auxiliary ruler, which is actually a mechanical amplification of the length; Many electric meters, such as ammeters and voltmeters, use long hands to indicate the deflection angle of coils after being electrified. For example, in the Cavendish torsion experiment, the idea of measuring the gravitational constant is finally transferred to the movement of the light spot (just like the Coulomb electrostatic force torsion experiment), which is the specific application of the micro-deformation amplification method. 5. Balance method In physics, the same, equivalent or opposite effects of one quantity and another quantity (or quantities) are often used to design experiments, make instruments and make measurements. For example, the design of spring scale, the basic tool in measurement, uses the balance of force, and the design of balance is based on the balance of torque; Thermometers use the balance of heat. Sixth, the method of leaving traces Some physical phenomena are fleeting, such as the position, trajectory or image of moving objects, and try to record them for measurement, comparison and research. For example, measuring the acceleration of linear motion with uniform speed change, verifying Newton's second law of motion and verifying the law of conservation of mechanical energy >:>
Question 8: What are the methods and means of inquiry learning? The content of inquiry learning involves all aspects, including natural science and social science, or both. Therefore, the research methods used will be varied, and it is impossible to mechanically think that a subject can only use one method. Maybe; You use this method to solve a factory problem in the project and use other methods to solve another problem in the project. In short, in the process of research, you have to choose the research methods suitable for your own topic in order to carry out substantive research.
For a long time, people have created many research methods in production practice and social practice. Such as observation research, experimental research, literature research, investigation research, prediction research, retrospective research, content analysis and so on. Here we introduce several commonly used research methods, namely, observation research, experimental research, literature research, investigation research and so on.
Question 9: What are the commonly used scientific research methods: (1) Hypothesis and theory; (2) Experiment and observation (3) Scientific abstraction, including: non-logical methods (idealized methods, model methods, analogy methods) and logical methods (analytical synthesis, deductive induction) (4) mathematical methods (5) three theories (cybernetics, information theory, system theory) and systematic scientific methods (dissipative structure theory, synergetics, catastrophe theory).