People open road to riches; Pig arches get rich.
The dog guards the portal; Good dog has an annual report, China.
Welcome the prosperous times; Shanghai is a high year.
Tengu returns to heaven; Haifu Gate.
Tengu drives away the cold; Treasure pigs bring warm spring.
Six livestock pigs are precious; Spring is the latest in the four seasons.
Pig arch households who have made a fortune; Get rich, Yan Yingchun.
Haishichun entered the household; Happy Year of the Pig.
Farmers and pigs are very happy together; Everything in China is new.
Guard the house and work hard; Getting rich has gold.
Defend the country and boast jade dogs; Get rich, praise the golden pig.
Yangchun Liu Yushun; The third night of the pig year.
The god of wealth comes with age; Puppy arch
Dogs keep the peace; Pigs bring prosperity.
Heshunmen is blessed and safe, and a word is precious.
Spring is always full of flowers all year round: welcome the new year.
Spring blossoms in the world, and the four seasons are always on the scene: celebrate the Spring Festival.
Eternal years, contemporary beauty, eternal rivers and mountains, new criticism: Vientiane renewal
Living happily in the treasure land for thousands of years, Wang Fu took care of everything at home: welcoming the New Year.
Good luck every year, all the best, step by step, horizontal approval: good luck.
After a hundred years of revival, the mountains and rivers are peaceful.
Spring rain moistens everything, red berries are embroidered little by little, and Qianshan is horizontal: spring is full.
Get rid of the old habits, stress the four beauties, and cultivate a new style: farewell the old and welcome the new.
All corners of the country are spring, and Qian Shan is full of glory: Vientiane is updated.
A new batch of beautiful years of giving charcoal in the snow; Primula hongmei
2. Couplets vary in length, only one or two words are short; It can be hundreds of words long. There are various forms of couplets, such as pairs, pairs, flowing pairs, couplets, set sentence pairs and so on. However, no matter what kind of couplets and forms are used, they must have the following characteristics:
First, the number of words should be equal and the sentences should be consistent. In addition to deliberately leaving a place for a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, neither more nor less.
Second, it is necessary to be honest and have a harmonious tone. The traditional habit is to "pucker up and fall flat", that is, the end of the last sentence of the first couplet is puckered up and the end of the last sentence of the second couplet is flat.
Third, the parts of speech should be relative and the position should be consistent. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real", which means that nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, quantifiers to quantifiers, adverbs to adverbs and related words must be in the same position.
Fourth, the content should be related and run through from top to bottom. The meaning of up and down links must be interrelated, but they cannot be repeated.
In addition, the traditional practice of hanging couplets must be written straight and pasted vertically, from right to left and from top to bottom, and cannot be reversed.
The horizontal criticism closely related to couplets can be said to be the title and center of couplets. Good reviews can make the finishing point and complement each other in couplets.
3.
Spring Festival couplets are also called "appropriate", "spring stickers", "couplets" and "couplets". They use neat, dual, concise and delicate words to describe the background of the times and express good wishes, which is a unique literary form in China. Every Spring Festival, no matter in urban or rural areas, every household should choose a pair of red Spring Festival couplets and stick them on the door to add festive atmosphere to the festival.
By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. Liang Zhangju's monograph Poetry of Spring Festival couplets discusses the origin of Spring Festival couplets and the characteristics of various works. Spring Festival couplets had become a literary and artistic form at that time.
There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door heart, frame pair, horizontal batch, spring strip and bucket square according to the place of use. The "door core" is attached to the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "door frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Horizontal batch" is attached to the crossbar of the door; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Dou Jin", also known as "door leaf", is a square diamond, often attached to furniture and screen walls. Spring Festival couplets originated in Fu Tao, also known as Fu Tao, and the content is: "New Year, Qing Yu, Jiajie, Changchun." Written by Meng and Zeng Qin, the master of Houshu.
4. Common characteristics and laws
Xiao dean
The Spring Festival in Dinghai is approaching, and people will write Spring Festival couplets again. As one of the types of couplets, Spring Festival couplets, while highlighting the word "spring", can not ignore the characteristics and laws of couplets that stress "antithesis" and "symmetry". Specifically, writing Spring Festival couplets has at least the following points that cannot be ignored.
One: the number of words is equal. The upper part and the lower part must have the same number of words and neat form. Generally, the five-character couplet and seven-character couplet are the most frequently used.
Second, the parts of speech are the same. The parts of speech of words in couplets opposite to the upper couplet and the lower couplet should be the same-content words to content words, function words to function words. Such as: the sea is wide and the fish jumps; The sky is high and birds can fly.
In couplets, "sea" and "sky" are nouns, "breadth" and "height" are adjectives, "goods" and "people" are prepositions, "fish" and "bird" are nouns, and "yue" and "fly" are verbs.
Third: Syntactic similarity. The upper and lower couplets should correspond in structure-juxtaposition to juxtaposition, subject-predicate to subject-predicate, verb-object to verb-object, partiality to partiality, etc. Such as: home and Pepsi Shun; Peace and prosperity.
Family harmony and Guotai in the upper and lower couplet are subject-predicate structures, and Baishishun and Wan Min 'an are also subject-predicate structures.
Fourth: rhythm correspondence. The rhythm of the upper and lower couplets must be consistent, and the rhythm must be symmetrical, monosyllabic to monosyllabic, disyllabic to disyllabic, and polysyllabic to polysyllabic. Such as: spring enters-spring gate-spring is not old; Fu Lin-blessed land-infinite happiness.
Fifth: Content-related. Apart from "no love", the contents of the first part and the second part are related, closely surrounding the theme. Such as: Matsuzaka, Plum, Sanyou; Peach, plum and apricot are warm in spring.
The contents of this couplet complement each other.
Sixth: the integration of levels and levels. Flat, that is, flat and flat of Chinese characters. The tones of ancient Chinese are divided into four tones: flat, rising, going and entering. Couplets pay attention to flatness, flatness, rightness and harmony, which refers to the two opposite words of upper and lower couplets. They can't all be flat or flat, but they should be flat, so they look patchy, catchy and pleasant, which constitutes the musical beauty of the language. Among them, couplets pay attention to flat and even, with the strictest ending. The pronunciation of the last word of the upper couplet must be flat, and the pronunciation of the last word of the lower couplet must be flat. Such as: days increase years, people increase life; Dry kungfu is everywhere in spring.
However, due to the flexibility of the number of words, the length of sentences, the structure and rhythm of couplets, if we don't distinguish their specific situations, we may not be able to sit in the right place if we apply metrical poems to the flat lines of any Spring Festival couplets or other couplets. It should be noted that couplets are literati literature, folk literature and refined and popular literature. For folk lovers of couplets, it is inappropriate to overemphasize the rhyme of couplets. It is best to distinguish between situations, temper justice with mercy, and it varies from person to person. Not to mention folk people, it is the celebrities who write couplets. "If there are strange sentences, the truth is not equal" and "Don't hurt people with words" (what Lin Daiyu said to Xiangling when she talked about poetry in a Dream of Red Mansions). However, this does not mean that we can ignore the rules of couplets. "There are differences between leniency and severity, which vary from person to person" is based on the premise of "combining leniency and severity". After all, "antithesis" is the biggest feature of couplets and the bottom line of couplet rules. This bottom line should not be discarded, it should be kept! Spring Festival couplets, also known as "door-to-door" and "spring post", are a kind of couplets, named after being posted during the Spring Festival. How did the Spring Festival couplets come about? There is such a story in Shan Hai Jing. Legend has it that there is a beautiful Dushuo Mountain in the East China Sea of China, also known as Du Tao. There is a big peach tree on the mountain with a golden rooster on the top, which is made at sunrise. The northeast end of this peach tree is full of arched branches, and the top of the tree has bent down and touched the ground, just like a natural gate. There are all kinds of monsters living in Shuoshan. If you want to go out, you have to go through this gate of hell. The Emperor of Heaven was afraid that the ghost would come down to haunt the world, so he sent two gods to guard it, one named Shen Tu and the other named Lei Yu. The names of these two gods have special pronunciations. Shen Tu should read "sacred tree" and Lei Yu should read "jade law". The two gods will monitor the behavior of ghosts. He found out which ghost was doing evil, so he tied it up with straw rope and gave it to the tiger. Since then, from this story, the theory of ghost peach wood has been derived. So, at that time, people used two pieces of peach wood to carve the images of Shen Tu and Lei Yu or write their names on both sides of the door, calling them Fu Tao to show that they could ward off evil spirits. After the Tang Dynasty, it was gradually changed to Weichi Gong and Qin Baoshu. Legend has it that Emperor Taizong Li Shimin staged a coup in Xuanwu Gate, killing his younger brother, forcing his father Tang Gaozu Li Yuan to abdicate and become the emperor's father, and ascended the throne himself. From then on, Kevin·Z dreamed of the old dragon who cut many rivers. Every night, he seemed to hear ghosts throwing bricks at the house outside the sleeping officers, making strange noises. Emperor Taizong had no choice but to tell the ministers about it. Qin, the founding hero of the Tang Dynasty, volunteered to keep vigil at the palace gate to exorcise ghosts, and Weichi Gong, another great founding hero, was also willing to accompany the vigil. That night, wearing armor and holding weapons, they stayed at the door of the bedroom for one night. As expected, Emperor Taizong had a good sleep. After a few days, Emperor Taizong gradually recovered and could not bear to let the two generals keep vigil. So he ordered people to draw the mighty images of the two generals and put them on the doors. The story spread, and Weichi Gong and Qin were gradually regarded as door gods. The evolution from Fu Tao to Spring Festival couplets is said to be in the Five Dynasties, when Meng Changjun, the late master of Shu in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, was on New Year's Eve in 964. Singer Xin wrote two auspicious words on the page. He didn't like the new work, so he wrote it himself: New Year's Eve, Changchun Jia Street. This is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. From then on, literati regarded Spring Festival couplets as elegant things, and the custom of Spring Festival couplets gradually spread. In the Song Dynasty, posting Spring Festival couplets has become a custom of gentry. Wang Anshi's poem "January Day", "Thousands of households always change new peaches for old ones", can illustrate this point. In the notes of the Song Dynasty, it was also recorded that literati liked to write Spring Festival couplets. For example, as recorded in Zhang Bangji's Mo Zhuang Man Lu, Su Dongpo was in Huangzhou, and when he was nearly 30 years old, he visited the king. When he saw his Taofu prescription, he wrote a book on it, saying, "The door is so big that thousands of people ride into it, and I don't know male huan." At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhao, a famous painter, visited the Moon Appreciation Building in Yangzhou, and the landlord asked Zhao for Spring Festival couplets. Zhao wrote: "There are 3,000 guests in Yuen Long during the Spring Festival, and the first floor of Mingyue Yangzhou." The content of the Spring Festival couplets is different from that of the restaurant. The host was overjoyed and gave him a purple and gold basin. Spring Festival couplets written by Zhao have always been regarded as social gifts. It is said that Spring Festival couplets are very popular among the people, and they are written in red paper, which became one of the customs after the Ming Dynasty. It is said that the official naming of the word Spring Festival couplets began with the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. Since then, Spring Festival couplets have been widely popular in rural towns and villages and have been popular for a long time. Generally, the most commonly used Spring Festival couplets are "firecrackers to remove the old year, every family welcomes the new year" and "Tianzeng Life Insurance". Spring Festival couplets are also called "door pairs" and "spring posts", which are a kind of couplets and are named after posting during the Spring Festival.
How did the Spring Festival couplets come about? There is such a story in Shan Hai Jing. Legend has it that there is a beautiful Dushuo Mountain in the East China Sea of China, also known as Du Tao. There is a big peach tree on the mountain with a golden rooster on the top, which is made at sunrise. The northeast end of this peach tree is full of arched branches, and the top of the tree has bent down and touched the ground, just like a natural gate. There are all kinds of monsters living in Shuoshan. If you want to go out, you have to go through this gate of hell. The Emperor of Heaven was afraid that the ghost would come down to haunt the world, so he sent two gods to guard it, one named Shen Tu and the other named Lei Yu. The names of these two gods have special pronunciations. Shen Tu should read "sacred tree" and Lei Yu should read "jade law". The two gods will monitor the behavior of ghosts. He found out which ghost was doing evil, so he tied it up with straw rope and gave it to the tiger. Since then, from this story, the theory of ghost peach wood has been derived. So, at that time, people used two pieces of peach wood to carve the images of Shen Tu and Lei Yu or write their names on both sides of the door, calling them Fu Tao to show that they could ward off evil spirits.
After the Tang Dynasty, it was gradually changed to Weichi Gong and Qin Baoshu. Legend has it that Emperor Taizong Li Shimin staged a coup in Xuanwu Gate, killing his younger brother, forcing his father Tang Gaozu Li Yuan to abdicate and become the emperor's father, and ascended the throne himself. From then on, Kevin·Z dreamed of the old dragon who cut many rivers. Every night, he seemed to hear ghosts throwing bricks at the house outside the sleeping officers, making strange noises. Emperor Taizong had no choice but to tell the ministers about it. Qin, the founding hero of the Tang Dynasty, volunteered to keep vigil at the palace gate to exorcise ghosts, and Weichi Gong, another great founding hero, was also willing to accompany the vigil. That night, wearing armor and holding weapons, they stayed at the door of the bedroom for one night. As expected, Emperor Taizong had a good sleep. After a few days, Emperor Taizong gradually recovered and could not bear to let the two generals keep vigil. So he ordered people to draw the mighty images of the two generals and put them on the doors. The story spread, and Weichi Gong and Qin were gradually regarded as door gods.
The evolution from Fu Tao to Spring Festival couplets is said to be in the Five Dynasties, when Meng Changjun, the late master of Shu in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, was on New Year's Eve in 964. Singer Xin wrote two auspicious words on the page. He didn't like the new work, because the words were not good, so he began to write it himself:
Xinnianna Qing Yu
Changchun jiajiehao
This is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. From then on, literati regarded Spring Festival couplets as elegant things, and the wind of Spring Festival couplets gradually spread. In the Song Dynasty, posting Spring Festival couplets has become a custom of gentry. Wang Anshi's poem "January Day", "Thousands of households always change new peaches for old ones", can illustrate this point. In the notes of the Song Dynasty, it was also recorded that literati liked to write Spring Festival couplets. For example, as recorded in Zhang Bangji's Mo Zhuang Man Lu, Su Dongpo was in Huangzhou, and when he was nearly 30 years old, he visited the king. When he saw his Taofu prescription, he wrote a book on it, saying, "The door is so big that thousands of people ride into it, and I don't know male huan." At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhao, a famous painter, visited the Moon Appreciation Building in Yangzhou, and the landlord asked Zhao for Spring Festival couplets. Zhao wrote: "There are 3,000 guests in Yuen Long during the Spring Festival, and the first floor of Mingyue Yangzhou." The content of the Spring Festival couplets is different from that of the restaurant. The host was overjoyed and gave him a purple and gold basin. Spring Festival couplets written by Zhao have always been regarded as social gifts.
Spring Festival couplets are the most traditional folk custom in China. After the off-year holiday, beautifully printed Spring Festival couplets will be posted on the doors of every household to express their best wishes. But this year, some people's Spring Festival couplets have changed. These couplets are not printed, but handwritten. Looking at these handwritten Spring Festival couplets can not help but remind people of the past.
Spring Festival couplets, formerly known as "Fu Tao", were called Spring Festival couplets only after the Ming Dynasty. Spring Festival couplets are a unique literary form, which embodies the life interest of China people. It began in the Five Dynasties and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of 1000 years. "New Year in Qing Yu, Festival in Changchun" is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. Later, with the popularity of Spring Festival couplets, some Spring Festival couplets were also written on bamboo boards and wooden boards.