If it weren't for the best-selling series Ghost Blowing Lights, Guo Jing, an ancient country that was silent in the yellow sand, might always be just a mysterious symbol in the history books. Who can imagine that the ruined Niya site in the desert was once a bustling city in a perfect country? This ancient country with a history of thousands of years rekindled people's curiosity: how did the perfect country suddenly disappear? Where did the elites who once lived here go? What kind of stories are buried in the unsolved characters on the site and the carving of Buddha statues ... In China, which has been prosperous for thousands of years, it has disappeared into the cultural soil of the ancient western regions and has never missed the examination of ancient sites. Before Xi 'an, the speed of subway construction depended on the speed of archaeology, but after Luoyang, a hoe went down, which was a pile of ancient tombs. Many people forget that this place is located in the hinterland of Eurasia, and there is also a cultural treasure-Tarim Basin. This unique area has preserved many relics of early human civilization, the most striking of which is the former site of the country of Jingjue (also known as the site of Niya). In the Tarim Basin, there is a Niya River, and the ideal country is located on the oasis by the river, which is the country of the western regions more than 2000 years ago. The existing Niya site is the former site of Manchu State in Han and Jin Dynasties, located in Minfeng County, Xinjiang. The symbol tablet of Niya site is different from the rendering in the novel. The truly perfect country was a relatively small city-state in western China during the Western Han Dynasty, which existed from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD. Although this country is dominated by agriculture, it is located on the Silk Road, where merchants gather and prosper. Small and rich, you can't escape the fate of being merged. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the completed country was annexed by the increasingly powerful Shanshan country (Loulan) and later controlled by Wei and Jin Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, its capital still existed, called Nilang City. If the "Yuanhe First Year" suite unearthed from the Niya site is not perfect for this imaginative country, it is estimated that this small parliament will soon be forgotten. But strangely, the exact etymology of this phrase has not been found so far, just as it suddenly appeared in China's literature and history books. Except for Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who first recorded the name of "Gyeonggi" in Han Shu Xi Yu Zhuan, there was no record of the country of Gyeonggi in previous history books. According to historical records, the king was stationed in Jingjue City, 8820 miles away from Chang 'an. The population is 480 families with 3,360 people, 500 of whom won the battle. There is a captain Jing Jue, a left and right general, and a translator. It is 2,723 miles away from the Western Regions Protection Institute in the north and four days away from Rong Lu in the south. The terrain is blocked and the traffic is inconvenient; It is located 460 miles west of the country. Bamboo slips and pottery pots with the word "Wang" unearthed in the ancient city of Niya. According to this document, which is less than 100 words, the perfect country of the Han Dynasty is only a small city-state with more than 400 households and more than 3,000 people. However, when the Jingjue people finally appeared in history, they were already Loulan people, and Loulan was renamed Shanshan. As a pocket country with only 500 soldiers, it is basically daydreaming that wants to exist independently for a long time in that era when the merger war is common! Shanshan country was once the first stop for the west to get out of Yangguan, and it was supported by the Central Plains Dynasty. The powerful Shanshan annexed several surrounding oasis city-States, including Jingjue. Since then, the Niya River Basin has been incorporated into the territory of Shanshan Kingdom, becoming an administrative region, and Jingjue State was renamed Jingjue State. It was the Western Jin Dynasty. Although the elites have lost their country, their lives are better and more stable than before. With the downfall of Shanshan four or five hundred years later, the city of Nilang that Xuanzang saw when he returned from the East with the scriptures was already a different scene. Such a once brilliant city-state seems to suddenly disappear overnight, leaving only the silhouette of Populus euphratica and Sang Mu withered in the sunset ... How did the country suddenly disappear? With the vast Taklimakan desert disappearing into the once majestic city walls, this country has been sleeping for 1 600 years, and it was not until 1 906,5438+0 that an Englishman named Stan completely broke the tranquility when he explored the Niya River. During Stan's expedition, the ruins of the ancient city of Nia were photographed. At that time, there were some house sites with different scales and different degrees of preservation along the Niya River. In terms of style, some are like pagodas, Buddhist temples and cemeteries, some are like yards, fields, orchards and corrals, and some are like pottery kilns and smelters. Two excavations and site surveys have been conducted successively, and 53 abandoned sites have been excavated, and 72 pieces of wooden slips in Qilu language, several pieces of wooden slips in Chinese language, as well as weapons, musical instruments, woolen goods, silks, furniture, building objects, handicrafts, millet and other food crops have been obtained. He filled 12 boxes of cultural relics excavated from here and brought them back to England, which shocked western historians. They call this ancient city "Pompeii" of the East. Exquisite fashion crocheted leather shoes unearthed in Niya 1959 Archaeologists in China found two mummies and a batch of precious cultural relics in an ancient tomb here. According to the appraisal, this is a couple's burial tomb in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The couple were covered with colorful brocade quilts embroidered with dogwood and moire patterns. The weavers are complex and exquisite, and the patterns are typical of Chinese style. There are official script Chinese characters embroidered between the patterns: "Princes and princes will be the same, and future generations will last forever." "This is the gift of the big fellow, right? Are these goods specially ordered by Prince Guo Jing from the weavers in the Central Plains? Because there is no record, we can only leave a guess. What's even more amazing is that the words "Five Stars Out of the East and Benefit China" are impressively embroidered on a tapestry armguard unearthed in 1995. The sacred bird, white tiger and Swiss beast on the armguard wander among the moire patterns, and the words are eye-catching and very imposing. Archaeologists spliced the armguard with other fabrics unearthed in the same tomb, guessing that the whole sentence was: "Five stars from the east, benefiting China, wooing Nanqiang. "This sentence with the characteristics of the times was woven on the brocade by craftsmen, and the brocade appeared in the exquisite country of the Western Regions, which is an interesting intersection of China and Yidi. But how did this fantastic ancient civilization decline? Still haunts historians. Conjecture 1: The ecological environment is destroyed. Many people think that the reason why the country was finally abandoned is mainly that the external environment caused people to migrate. Although this country is in the desert, it is an oasis country with hot and humid climate and dense reeds. People's survival mainly depends on the special environment here. Because of this, in those days, there were strict laws and regulations on the management and use of water and the protection of trees. For example, water is used as compensation, and there is a special person to handle it. If mismanagement causes losses, it will be punished. A strict management system has also been formed for the growth and protection of trees. Elaeagnus angustifolia is drought-resistant and salt-tolerant, can resist sandstorm, beautify the environment, and the fruit is edible. It was one of the key tree species cultivated by elites in that year. Cultural Relics Unearthed in Niya: Grape Seed However, due to the loose management in the later period, people cut down trees for personal interests, which destroyed the local ecological environment, even the water source dried up, sandstorms raged, oases disappeared, and finally they were submerged under the vast sand sea. Conjecture 2: War Destruction Judging from the investigation of the ruins, the disappearance of the perfect country seems a bit odd. Western-style carved wooden benches unearthed from the ruins of Niya residential area are surrounded by many bones, and various internal relics are scattered all over the place, and the door is open or half-closed. The pottery jar used for storage is well sealed and unopened. There is still a lot of food in the storage room, and there is even a silk thread on the spinning wheel. All this seems to tell people that this country has suffered a heavy and fatal blow after facing the threat of long-term invasion. According to textual research, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the national strength of the Han Dynasty was weak and it was unable to manage the Western Regions, which led to a political vacuum here and a jungle war between countries. A weak and elegant country can't survive this war ... does the exquisite queen really exist? Many people will have great interest in a woman after watching Ghost Blowing Lights, that is, the stunning queen full of dark colors. In the novel, the queen puts a mask on everyone, and in order to make everyone submit to her, she also controls everyone with vicious curses. However, in real history, is there really such a noble queen of Leng Yan? Some people think that the exquisite queen is real, but it is not so scary because of the exaggerated description in the novel. This Jingjue queen is the leader of Jingjue ancient country. Her real name is Wu Chan Najiahai, and some people call her Jing Jue Dewey. Her people are all ghost holes. However, even the queen of the Ghost Cave clan has high attainments in witchcraft, and she can't escape the moment when her life ends. In the twelfth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty, Queen Jingjue died and was buried in a valley deep in Kunlun Mountain, which was called "Death Valley" in history. These ghost cave people believe in witchcraft. After the queen died, they hid a cursed stone tablet in the grave. As long as someone dares to take one step further, they will die suddenly on the spot, and many grave robbers will die here. Legend has it that this curse is hard to lift unless you find a grain of dust. Dust beads are artifacts recorded in historical books, claiming to be the phoenix transformed by Mother Earth. From the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, some people thought that this artifact could be used to cultivate immortality, which had the effect of being thoroughly remoulded, but it needed to be used in a special place to play its role. Zhou Wenwang recorded all these contents in detail in the gobbledygook. There is also a legend, which was acquired when the Yellow Emperor offered sacrifices to heaven, and was later buried with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. However, some historians deny this view. They said, "The most virtuous country is polygamous. Men are superior to women and there can be no queen. On the contrary, the Sioux who once posed a great threat to the perfect country in southwest China may have a queen. "This Supi country is probably the Supi country recorded in historical records. It is a matriarchal clan country. Although the social form is primitive, the struggle is fierce. In the eyes of the elite, they are a group of savage, fierce and terrible devil-like enemies. Historically, it is probably because of their invasion that this country was finally destroyed ... Pay attention to "the whole history". Here, the context of civilization can be fiddled with at will, and the diagram can let you take a look at the world, download the whole history from thousands of faces and see the world from another angle.