1960, American scholar Roberts put forward the idea of extracting three-dimensional structures from 2D images, which attracted the attention of MIT artificial intelligence laboratory and other institutions, marking the beginning of three-dimensional machine vision research.
In the mid-1970s, the artificial intelligence laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of Technology officially opened the course of "Machine Vision", and researchers began to make great efforts to study the related topics of "Object and Vision". In 1978, DavidMarr proposed a "bottom-up" method to capture images of objects through computer vision. This method starts with 2D outline sketch and gradually completes the acquisition of 3D images. This method marks a major breakthrough in machine vision research.
Since 1980s, machine vision has set off a research upsurge in the world. The iterative updating of methods and theories, and the appearance of OCR and smart cameras have gradually promoted the wider spread and application of machine vision related technologies.
In the early 1990s, vision company was established and developed the first generation of image processing products. Then the related technologies of machine vision are continuously put into the manufacturing process, which makes the field of machine vision expand rapidly. Hundreds of enterprises began to sell a large number of machine vision systems, and a complete machine vision industry gradually formed. At this stage, the rapid development of LED lights, sensors and control structures further accelerated the progress of the machine vision industry and gradually reduced the production cost of the industry.
Since 2000, higher-speed three-dimensional vision scanning system and thermal imaging system have gradually come out, and the software and hardware products of machine vision have spread to all stages of manufacturing, and their application fields have been expanding. At present, machine vision, as the bottom industry of artificial intelligence and the upstream industry of electronics, automobiles and other industries, is still in the stage of rapid development and has a good development prospect.
Machine vision started late in China, and now it is in a period of rapid growth. Domestic machine vision originated from the first technology introduction in 1980s. Since 1998, many electronic and semiconductor factories have settled in Guangdong and Shanghai, and machine vision production lines and advanced equipment have been introduced into China, which has spawned agents and system integrators of international machine vision manufacturers. The development of machine vision in China has gone through three stages.
The first stage is the enlightenment stage from 1999 to 2003. At present, China enterprises mainly serve customers through agency business, and guide customers to understand and recognize machine vision in the service process, thus opening the historical process of machine vision in China. At the same time, interdisciplinary machine vision talents appeared in China, gradually mastered simple foreign machine vision software and hardware products, and established the primary application system of machine vision. At this stage, machine vision technology is first introduced, such as special printing industry and tobacco foreign body removal industry. While liberating the labor force, it has effectively promoted the development of the domestic machine vision field.
The second stage is the development stage from 2004 to 2007. At this stage, local machine vision enterprises began to explore more R&: D and made key breakthroughs in many application fields. Domestic manufacturers have successively introduced a full range of analog interfaces, USB2.0 cameras and acquisition cards, as well as PCB test equipment, SMT test equipment and LCD front channel test equipment. And gradually began to occupy the entry-level market.
The third stage is the high-speed development stage after 2008. At present, R&, the core device of machine vision; The continuous emergence of D manufacturers and the continuous training of a large number of real system-level engineers have promoted the rapid and high-quality development of the domestic machine vision industry.
With the rise of a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the machine vision industry is experiencing rapid development. The application of vision has expanded from the original automobile manufacturing field to consumer electronics, pharmaceuticals, food packaging and other fields.