1919165438+10 In October, former czar admiral Kolcak staged a military coup in omsk, dissolved the ruling cabinet and arrested Afkson Ziev, the leader of the Social Revolutionary Party. Since then, the influence of petty-bourgeois political parties has declined sharply. The broad masses of peasants are increasingly divorced from the social revolutionary party and turned to the leadership of the Soviet Union to wage a desperate struggle against the restoration forces of the landlord and bourgeoisie.
Kolcak claimed to be "the supreme ruler of Russia". He received strong support from the Allies and equipped his 250,000 troops with foreign guns. 1965438+On March 4th, 2009, he commanded the White Guards to attack westward from the Urals Mountains. Under the oppression of the enemy's superior forces, the Red Army was forced to retreat 100 kilometers to the Volga River basin. At this point, the Caucasus and Baltic coast of Yudenich's Denikin also cooperate with Colta's attack. At this critical moment, Lenin and the Bolshevik Party issued "All for the Eastern Front!" This phone. A large number of party member and workers joined the Red Army, and the workers in the rear were determined to redouble their efforts to support the front. 191April 09 12 after work on Saturday, the garage party branch of the locomotive marshalling station of Moscow-Kazan Railway initiated the organization of Saturday voluntary labor. We give up rest, don't pay, and consciously forget the work to support the front. Lenin spoke highly of this movement, calling it a "great pioneering work".
19 19 spring, the strength of the red army increased to 1.5 million. In April, Fu Longzhi (1885 ~ 1925) led the South Route Army to launch a counterattack and liberate Ufa. In July, after Kamenev became commander-in-chief of the Red Army, Fu Longzhi was in charge of commanding the Eastern Front. In pursuit of victory, the Red Army crossed the Urals and liberated most parts of Siberia. 19 19 At the end of the year, Horqin was completely annihilated. 1920 was captured alive and shot in Irkutsk on February 7.
After Colta's defeat, Churchill, the British Secretary of the Army, boasted in August of 19 19 that he would organize 14 countries to attack Soviet Russia. However, this plan has not been realized. The allies still pinned their hopes of subverting the Soviet Union on the White Guards. Britain, the United States and France sent hundreds of cannons and hundreds of thousands of rifles to Denikin, and sent hundreds of military advisers.
19 19 summer, Denikin's 15000 troops launched a general attack. With excellent weapons and arrogance, cavalry occupied most parts of Ukraine. 10 10/3, orel was captured again, approaching Tula, which directly threatened Moscow's security. Russian capitalists announced that they would give the first team to rush into Moscow a huge bonus of 1 million rubles. The Soviet regime is at a critical juncture. Lenin issued "Let's fight Denikin!" This phone. Thousands of party member went to the front. Yegorov, commander of the Southern Line, and Stalin, member of the Central Military Commission, commanded the Red Army to turn into a counterattack in mid-June, 5438+00, and liberated orel, Kharkov and Kiev. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/920, tsaritsyn and Rostov were captured. Denikin's main force was defeated. Denikin fled abroad, and the remnants led by Verangel fled to Crimea.
When Colta and Denikin attacked, Yudenich, which was entrenched in the Baltic Sea, attacked in May, 19 19, and occupied Fort Yang, threatening the security of Petrograd. The Party Central Committee deployed troops from other fronts to strengthen defense. At the end of August, Yudenich was driven to the Estonian border. However, when Denikin attacked Moscow, Yudenich attacked again, and under the cover of British tanks, he arrived at the gates of Petrograd in the middle of 10. 101October 2 1 day, the red army began to counterattack. 10, the defeated Yudenich troops retreated to Estonia and were immediately disarmed by the Estonian authorities. 1920 From February to March, the Red Army liberated the northern towns of Arkhangelsk and Murmansk.
1920 In April, Polish troops invaded Soviet Russia. At the beginning of May, it occupied a large area of land in Kiev, Ukraine and Belarus. In June, the Red Army on the Southwest Front launched a counterattack under the command of yegorov and Stalin. In July, tukhachevsky commanded the Red Army on the Western Front to counterattack, liberated Belarusian territory, then crossed the national border and approached Warsaw at the end of the month. Due to the rapid progress of the Red Army, the vanguard troops were far from the rear, and the two fronts did not cooperate well enough, so that the Red Army had to retreat when the Polish army counterattacked in August. In June 5438+10, Subo signed an armistice agreement. 1921March 18, the two countries signed the Riga Peace Treaty. On the southern front, Fu Longzhi commanded the Red Army to break through the Verangel line, and in June 1920, 1 1, the Red Army laid a corner and liberated the entire Crimean Peninsula.
At the end of 1920, the civil war basically ended, but the Far East was still occupied by the Japanese intervention army and the White Guards. In order to avoid direct armed conflict with Japan, Soviet Russia decided to establish a buffer state east of Lake Baikal. 1920 In April, the Far East Republic was formally proclaimed. Not a Soviet country of workers and peasants, but a working people's democratic Republic. It accepts the leadership of the Far East Bureau of the Russian Central Committee. After the founding of the Far East Republic, the Red Army and guerrillas were reorganized into the People's Revolutionary Army. 10/0 On October 25th, the People's Revolutionary Army entered Vladivostok and drove the last foreign intervention army out of the country. 1922165438+1October, the Far East Republic was merged into the Russian Federation.
In the civil war, the Red Army smashed the attacks of domestic and foreign enemies and successfully defended the new Soviet Union.