From the relocation of 1756 to the completion of Stanhope Hall in 1803, the only building in the whole college was Nassau Hall, which was named Orange-Nassau House for King William III of England. During the American War of Independence, the college was occupied by both sides, and many buildings were destroyed on a large scale. For General George Washington and his soldiers, the battle of Princeton was a crucial battle. Two Princeton people signed the Declaration of Independence. 1In the summer of 783, the Continental Congress held a meeting in Nassau Hall and decided that Princeton was the national capital. Princeton's capital position lasted for four months. In the War of Independence, General Washington fired fierce artillery at Nassau Hall in order to recapture it from the British invaders, and the ravaged Nassau Hall miraculously survived. Two fires in 1802 and 1855 destroyed the only remaining wall of Nassau Hall. Compared with the original design of Robert Smith, the Nassau Concert Hall rebuilt by joseph henry Latob, John Northman and john witherspoon has many improvements and is more spacious. For centuries, the functions of Nassau Hall have ranged from multi-functional buildings, office buildings, dormitories and libraries to specialized classrooms and today's administrative buildings. (See Princeton Partners)
Princeton Theological Seminary was separated from Princeton University in 18 12, because the elders wanted more theological training, but the teachers and students wanted the opposite. This reduced the number of students and support from outside for a period of time.
Princeton University became stagnant after James michaels became president in 1868. During his twenty years as principal, the curriculum was unnecessarily inspected and the expansion of science curriculum was limited. Michaels also supervised the construction of a series of Gothic Renaissance buildings. (See Princeton Companion). McCosh Hall on campus is named after michaels. 1896, in order to show respect for the location, New Jersey College was officially renamed Princeton University. In the same year, the college also carried out a large-scale expansion and officially became a university. During Woodrow Wilson's presidency, Princeton added a discussion and research course called "Preliminary" (1905). This special idea at that time replaced the original large class curriculum with a more personalized group discussion between teachers and students.
1930, the Institute of Advanced Studies, which is not affiliated with Princeton University, was established in Princeton, and it was also the first residential college in China to be attended by scholars. Einstein was one of the first professors in the institute. It can be said that the whole 20th century was a process in which scholars, researchers and enterprises from all over the world poured into Princeton.
From 65438 to 0969, Princeton University began to admit female undergraduates. 1887, Princeton actually opened a sister school in Evelyn Street and Nassau Street, called Evelyn Women's College, which closed after 10. After many years, the school decided to recruit girls and made efforts to make the school more friendly to women. 1in April, 1969, when Princeton issued the admission notice, these plans had not been fully realized. Princeton's five-year co-education program allocated $7.8 million, and plans to absorb 650 girls in 1974. Finally, 148 female students, including 1 00 female freshmen in grade 100 and some girls in other grades, walked into Princeton campus on September 6, 1969 under the attention and scrutiny of the media. As a well-known comprehensive private university, Princeton has famous professors and scholars, a computerized modern library with more than 4.5 million books, a computer center, an art museum, a church and a considerable number of social and cultural activities. The school has major scientific research institutions such as Plasma Physics Laboratory, Geophysical Laboratory, John Norman Supercomputer Research Center, and graduate schools such as School of Architecture, School of Engineering Technology and Application, Wilson University and School of International Affairs.
Among the famous Ivy League schools, Princeton University has a small number of students, about 4,600 undergraduates and 0/.800 postgraduates. Students from this school come from 50 states and 55 countries in the United States, among which overseas students account for 5%, mainly from Canada, China, Singapore, Britain and Germany. There are about 620 teachers in this school.
Puda University is divided into undergraduate department and graduate department, with three schools: School of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Architecture, Wilson College and School of International Affairs. (New Jersey College has been separated from Princeton University) The 32 departments are anthropology, art and archaeology, astronomy, biochemistry, biology, chemistry, classical culture, comparative literature, East Asian studies, economics, English, geography, German language and literature, history, mathematics, molecular biology, music, near east and physics. Romance Department, Language and Literature Department, Slavic Language and Literature Department, Sociology Department, Statistics Department, Chemical Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Department, Computer Science Department, Electrical Engineering Department, Mechanical and Aviation Department.
Princeton University is most proud of its undergraduate education, with a teacher-student ratio of 65,438+0/6, which is rare among universities in the United States. Because of the small number of students, teachers have enough energy to care about students' homework. Princeton undergraduates can pursue two degrees: Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Engineering. The former is awarded to students majoring in humanities, social sciences and natural sciences; The latter is awarded to engineering students.
Tutorial system is a major feature of Princeton University. Most of the basic courses in the school are taught in the auditorium with 65,438+000 to 65,438+050 students. But every week, students attend small classes from 65,438+00 to 65,438+05, led by professors or teaching assistants, and review the courses they have learned in the past week. These discussions led by teaching assistants or professors give students more room for understanding. The educational feature of the school is that undergraduates need to do research independently. All candidates for bachelor of arts must complete an independent primary report project and a senior thesis; Master of engineering students should complete preliminary independent research and write a senior thesis.