(1851~1932)1851lama iv (also known as emperor magu, 185 1 ~ 1868) 1855 was forced to conclude the Pauling treaty with Britain. 1856 successively concluded unequal treaties with the United States, France and other nine countries, making Siam a semi-colony. 1868, Rama v succeeded to the throne, when he was only 15 years old and was regent by the royal family for five years. After taking office, he implemented a series of important reforms (see Chulalongkorn Reform), which accelerated the process of modernization in Thailand. 1893 was forced to sign the Bangkok treaty between France and Siam; 1909 In March, Britain and Siam concluded the Treaty of Bangkok, and Thailand became the officially independent "buffer state" between Britain and France in the struggle for Indochina Peninsula.

Rama VI (reigned 19 10 ~ 1925) continued to carry out the reform policy, especially in the field of culture and education. The first university (Chulalongkorn University) was established in 19 17, and the regulations on primary education were promulgated in 192 1 year, and compulsory primary education was gradually implemented throughout the country. After the outbreak of World War I, Siam declared war on Germany when it joined the Allies. After the war, Siam and the United States, France, Britain and other contracting parties revised the New Testament, restored consular jurisdiction and tariff autonomy, and obtained the qualification of the League of Nations. Rama VII succeeded to the throne in 1925 (reigned from 1925 to 1935). He studied military and literature in France and England, and was deeply influenced by the West. 1March 2, 935, abdicated due to political differences. (1932 ~) 1932 The coup in Thailand was a major historical turning point. This coup led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, and a group of non-royal aristocrats who were educated in the West participated in the state management. Some officers who appeared in the coup gradually seized power. The new ruling clique propagated narrow national consciousness at home, promoted the Thai Movement abroad, accepted the influence of fascist ideology, and pursued military dictatorship and pro-Japanese diplomacy. 1938 65438+February, Mao Piwen Songkan became Prime Minister. He monopolized the power of national defense, foreign affairs and internal affairs, and politically, the king was in a secondary position. Rama VIII returned from Switzerland to be crowned in 194 1 and died of gunshot wounds.

Bhumibol adulyadej (Rama IX) succeeded to the throne in 1946, and Prince Vazira Longgong was made Chu Jun in 1972. Princess Sirindhorn was named Princess Mahachakri in 1972. The throne is inherited by the prince. According to the regulations of 1924 on the succession to the throne and the approval of the National Assembly, if there is no prince's succession, the National Assembly may agree to the princess's succession to the throne.

The king is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and exercises power through the National Assembly, the Cabinet and the courts in accordance with the Constitution. The government allocates 1 100 million baht (baht) for royal expenses every year.