Freight loan is the agent of their transportation company, and the shipping company is the shipping company. These three are interrelated.
International freight forwarding is a completely independent industry.
Historically, international freight forwarding has always existed independently from two closely related industries: international business and international transportation. This is also the inevitable result of the high socialization and internationalization of commerce and transportation. Nowadays, freight forwarding is a worldwide industry, and its international organization is FIATA. Its members have grown to 130 countries and regions, with more than 35,000 freight forwarding companies. It promotes the coordination and improvement of the world freight forwarding business.
According to fiata, freight forwarding has existed since 10 century. With the establishment of public warehouses in ports and cities and the expansion of maritime trade, the freight forwarding industry has gradually developed. Now this industry is developing rapidly abroad, especially in the case of fierce international trade competition and increasingly fine social division of labor, the role of freight forwarders is becoming more and more obvious.
Fiata introduced the function of freight forwarder as follows:
"Freight forwarders have a lot of professional knowledge, so they can organize goods in the safest, fastest and most economical way";
"Freight forwarders have established customer networks and their own branches in various trade centers around the world, which can control the whole transportation of goods";
"Freight forwarders are consultants of industrial and trade enterprises, and can provide consultation on freight, packaging, documents, customs clearance, consular requirements and finance";
"Freight forwarders can make suggestions on the possibility of domestic and foreign market sales";
"Freight forwarders can concentrate small batches of goods into groups of goods, and all customers can benefit from this special service";
Freight forwarders not only organize and coordinate transportation, but also affect the creation of new transportation modes, the development of new transportation routes and the formulation of new freight rates. ......
FIATA is the most authoritative organization in the world. It is the largest non-governmental and non-profit organization in the field of world trade and transportation. It is also an adviser to the United Nations Economic and Social Organization and the United Nations Trade Conference. It is the representative of international freight forwarders recognized by governments and international organizations. The organization defines an international freight forwarder as: "a person who accepts goods for transportation according to the instructions of customers and for the benefit of customers." Being not a carrier, international freight forwarders can engage in activities related to transportation contracts according to these conditions, such as warehousing (mailing), customs declaration, acceptance, collection, etc. "
Based on the above definition, the management and regulations of China's international freight forwarding industry determine the nature of China's international freight forwarding industry, and in the "Implementation Rules" of the regulations, it is stated that "units with administrative monopoly functions are prohibited from applying for investment in freight forwarding business" and it is stipulated that "carriers and other enterprises that may pose unfair competition to the international freight forwarding industry may not apply for operating international freight forwarding business". The above shows that both the International Freight Forwarders' Federation and our government abide by the international practice of clearly distinguishing freight forwarding industry from transportation industry and managing them separately.
2. Freight forwarding management has embarked on the track of legalization.
After the reform and opening up, the State Council decided to separate shipping agency from foreign trade transportation according to the principle of centralized management of the industry. 1992 the State Council issued a notice reiterating: "The principles, policies, regulations and statistical investigations of freight forwarding management are still under the centralized responsibility of MOFTEC; The principles, policies, regulations and statistical investigations on the management of shipping companies and shipping agents are still managed by the Ministry of Communications. " The above division of labor has not changed in water transportation so far.
At the same time, in order to get rid of the shackles of the planned economy, avoid excessive unification, and be conducive to the healthy development of the market, the state decided to "liberalize freight forwarders and shipping agents, allow diversified economies, encourage competition, and improve service quality." This decision broke the compartmentalization and department monopoly, promoted the equal competition among freight forwarders, shippers, shippers and carriers, accelerated the transformation of related enterprises into market economy, improved the service quality and promoted the rapid development of China's foreign trade. At present, there are more than 1200 freight forwarding enterprises approved by MOFTEC, and the freight forwarding enterprises have developed from a sinotrans company to a number of state-owned and Sino-foreign joint ventures.
In recent years, the legislative work in China's foreign trade field has been obviously accelerated, and the history of freight forwarding industry management has ended. 1June, 1995, with the approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation issued and implemented the Regulations on the Administration of International Freight Forwarding Industry in People's Republic of China (PRC), which clearly stipulated the management of international loan agency business including international multimodal transport. After the revision of 1996, MOFTEC issued the Provisions on Examination and Approval of Foreign-invested International Freight Forwarders. Since 1996, the national international freight forwarding enterprises have implemented the annual review system. In February this year, MOFTEC promulgated the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of International Freight Forwarders in People's Republic of China (PRC) (for Trial Implementation), which further improved the legal environment for the competent authorities to conduct industry management. The implementation of the above-mentioned laws and regulations marks the transformation of the management of this industry by Chinese government departments from the past administrative management to macro-control and management according to law under the conditions of market economy.
List of abbreviations and abbreviations of Chinese and foreign shipping companies
Company abbreviation
Australian national shipping company Australia shipping ANL company
American President Shipping Pte Ltd, American President APL
Bonnamei shipping co., ltd. Bonnamei BNML
Baltic shipping company Baltic BOL
Zhong Bo C-P Zhong Bo steamship co., ltd
South American postal company, South American mail group
South American Chilean national shipping company Chilean shipping CCNI company
China-Japan international ferry co., ltd
Tianjin shipping Tianjin shipping CK
CMA CMA CMA CMA CMA CMA。
Han Jing shipping co., ltd. Han Jingxing shipping company
China Yuanyang container transport co., ltd
Chaoyang merchant shipping co., ltd
Damao international shipping company
German victory shipping company, German victory senator
Egypt international shipping company Egypt shipping EIL company
Evergreen shipping co., ltd
Far East Shipping Company Far East Shipping Company
Golden hair shipping co., ltd
HCSC haozhou shipping service company
Hanjin shipping co., ltd
Hong kong shipping company limited
Hong kong Minghua shipping co., ltd
James Hope luote shipping co., ltd
Modern merchant shipping co., ltd
Shanghai Hailong ship co., ltd. Hailong ship HNT company
Jinhua shipping co., ltd. Jinhua shipping JH
Kawasaki steamboat Co., Ltd. Kawasaki steamboat line K''
Korea Maritime Tsukiji Association Korea Maritime KMTC
Qixing steamship co., ltd. Qixing steamship SSCL
Shanghai yuhai shipping company SYH yuhai shipping service
Shanghai Zhongfu shipping service company
Mexican shipping co., ltd
Shanghai tianhai freight service co., ltd. tianhai freight TMSC
China Oriental Shipping Co., Ltd. China Oriental Shipping Dong Bang Company
United Arab States Shipping Company UASC Arab Shipping Company
Lirong Lirong Shipping Co., Ltd.
Global shipping co., ltd
Wanhai Shipping Co., Ltd. Wanhai Shipping Wanhai
Yangming shipping co., ltd
ZIM Yixing shipping transport co., ltd
Li Fen lianfeng shipping co., ltd
Italian postal service
Malaysia International Shipping Company Limited
Merchant marine mitsui co., ltd
Mediterranean shipping company
Maersk Land Ltd.
Minsheng Shen Yuan shipping co., ltd
Tiehang Zhahua Shipping Co., Ltd; Ned Lloyd
Nordic shipping co., ltd
Saudi Arabian national shipping company
Japan mail ship co., ltd. Japan mail ship NYK
OOCL orient overseas container transport co., ltd
Samdala shipping co., ltd
Taiping shipping co., ltd. Taiping shipping PIL company
Rick marks shipping company
South African national shipping co., ltd
Xinjiang changjin company
Shanghai Jinjiang Shipping Co., Ltd. Jinjiang Shipping Agency Company
Sinotrans (Group) Company