Personally, I don't think Zhang is the main murderer, but I'm afraid this "initiator" can't run away, because from the capture of Chengdu by 1644 to his shooting by the Qing army in Xichong Mountain, for almost two years, he not only failed to build Sichuan into a solid base, but also caused great damage to Sichuan's economy, causing the "land of abundance" to starve everywhere and war continued.
Turn over the record of a foreign missionary (because many people think that the history written by Manchu is unreliable):
The Story of the Holy Religion Entering Sichuan is written by Catholicism in western languages, which mainly tells the history of the introduction of Catholicism into Sichuan. This book was unknown in China for a long time until 19 17 was translated into Chinese by the Shanghai Church and printed by the missionary Gu Luodong. Among them, the most valuable is the dictation of two missionaries, Li and An. They were recommended by people when Zhang proclaimed himself emperor, and were later named Tianxue Sect by Zhang until Zhang was killed by the Qing army. It was not until the Zhang Guards were disbanded that they fell into the hands of the Qing army.
Excerpts from the original text:
On September 5th, 1644, Zhang Pai entered Chengdu and immediately became king. At the beginning of his reign, he pretended to be benevolent in order to win the hearts of the people. At the beginning, Chengdu officials thought that they would see peace after the rainstorm, so they all took office. I don't know if Zhang is cruel, a little rough, furious, punished or killed, and regards appointment as dirt. So everyone called it a beast with a face at that time. Later, two pastors, Li and An, were very upset when they saw that Zhang was so cruel. They are repeatedly called to get ready, such as going to the killing field.
Zhang He's anger is often seen by two priests. Whether it is imperial secretary or official, their anger will follow, or they will be hanged, beheaded, or their years will be shortened. All kinds of torture are chilling. I also met Zhang's general, who served as the minister of war. Because he was ordered to distribute horses to soldiers and asked them to name the soldiers, Zhang was annoyed in detail, that is to say, he was tortured to death. The other member is already an officer, and he is very popular with Zhang. Because he was asked to read a eulogy that winter and didn't respect Zhang's mind, he offended him, stripped him naked, whipped him severely, and died in extreme pain. When another officer saw that Zhang had killed innocent people, he couldn't bear it, so he went forward to remonstrate. Zhang refused to listen, but the officer was severely punished and died. In this fear of danger, life is at stake. Zhang did not intend to kill anyone. He repeatedly explained to himself: "If I kill the next generation, I will really save the next generation from all the sufferings in the world. If you kill it, you will really love it. "
An official got a western book (a book about transcendentalism) to show his loyalty. Zhang thought it was a gobbledygook and immediately asked two priests to explain it. Hearing this, Zhang praised it greatly: "This law is so exquisite that the customs of European countries are pure and beautiful, and it actually comes from this holy law. However, such a law is of no benefit to Sichuanese, and the evil spirits are stubborn, so they would rather be under my sword than obey the imperial edict. Therefore, I am instructed by the Lord to destroy this monk party and the wicked in the world. At this time, Chengdu has the largest number of monks, reaching 2,000. Because of Zhang's tragic death, no one escaped. People in counties and counties in central Sichuan are often killed. Zhang ordered the suppression because he suspected that his generation had done something wrong. Zhang hated Sichuanese, thinking that all the defeats in Hanzhong were caused by Sichuanese, so he was furious and killed people. As many as/kloc-0.4 million people died in Sichuan, and it is planned to turn Sichuan Province into a wilderness and uninhabited. Then lead the comrades to leave Sichuan and occupy other provinces. Every county has graves, and there are thousands of graves, among which countless bodies are buried. After Zhang, he ordered the bones to be piled up into a hundred bone graves. It's close to the river city, and I don't know how many bodies have been thrown into the water. And those who escaped from other provinces are not mortal.
Zhang's murder caused public outrage, and all the people in Sichuan raised volunteers to avenge his parents, wife and relatives of his children, Lin Chu. Hearing this, Zhang suddenly went insane and ordered the suppression of Chengdu. 1645,165438+1On the winter of October 22nd, Zhang secretly instructed a person to make a false report to confuse people. It is said that an enemy brigade has come, and it is necessary to train troops to guard against the enemy. The next day, if you want to go to the battlefield, you gather your troops. Zhang confided the matter to the officers of each battalion, so that each battalion was eliminated and no one was left. Sophisticated words: "People and others have secretly communicated with the enemy, lured travelers into Sichuan, and tried to make a big fight. Therefore, the residents of this city should be wiped out. Do you want to prepare in secret, don't miss the military intelligence ". The officials heard about it and went back to the camp to prepare for tomorrow's massacre. Cross the river to meet the enemy after suppression.
The next day, when the two priests saw that the troops had left the city and gathered on the plain, they didn't know what to do or what the meeting was about yesterday. Later, I heard that Zhang ordered all officials to protect their homes, or their wives and children would be killed. Two priests knew Zhang's evil plan, so they rushed to the apartment to save Mr. Dang and his servant. At this time, it is difficult to save the servants, because all the soldiers were ordered to be severely suppressed and the residents in the city were ruthlessly killed. All the troops guarded the city gate, and Yu Jun drove the people to the south gate and was punished. When Li Shiduo was at the south gate and Anduo was at the east gate, he saw innocent people, men and women, killed. The cry was terrible, and his heart ached and he couldn't save them. It's futile to ask forgiveness from criminal officials. Two priests stood on their side, terrified and heartbroken. Zhang and his men went from the south gate to the east gate, and all the monks fell to the ground and begged for mercy. They were in tears and begged for forgiveness from the people, but they were not allowed.
After Zhang, at the request of the priest, he was relieved of his post of killing the priest. If the wife has been released as soon as possible. Liszt saved many parishioners by saving servants. At the east gate, Amdo saw countless people, men, women and children, executed on the tower all day, which was terrible. He sighs loudly from time to time: "None of these innocent people can be saved!" From time to time, I am particularly sad to see my parishioners arrested and taken to the killing place. I hate not being able to save them, and I am deeply saddened.
At this time, countless detainees gathered at the South Gate Shaba Bridge. When they saw Zhang's arrival, they all knelt on the ground and cried in unison for forgiveness. The cloud said, "Long live the king! Your majesty is our king, we are your people, we have not violated the national law, why kill innocent people? Why are you afraid of people? We have no weapons, no soldiers, no enemies, only law-abiding citizens, begging the king's help and forgiving all innocent people. It's better to give a thief a heart than an animal. When you hear this, you are not only heartless, but sharply reprimand the people for adultery with the enemy. Immediately, he rode into the crowd, let the horse jump and kick, and shouted loudly: "Damn the rebellion that should be killed! "The sergeant was ordered to execute the punishment quickly. How painful! Innocent people were brutally killed, but in the end they were silent. Dead bodies everywhere, rivers of blood, dead bodies everywhere, impassable rivers, unable to sail. Brilliant Rongcheng has become a wilderness, uninhabited. The desolate scene is beyond description.
After seeing Zhang's massacre, Amdo couldn't help feeling sad, but walked back. At sunset in the western hills, just at dusk, I saw dead bodies on the roadside, including children moaning, so I baptized them and counted 12 people, saving the souls of generations into heaven.
After Zhang bloodbath in Chengdu, he immediately ordered all the people in towns and villages to move to Chengdu as residents. At this time, Zhang handed over all political affairs to an old cabinet, except that he led the army to meet the enemy. However, I have been away for quite a long time, but I have never met enemy soldiers. According to historian Ma, it was actually a severe repression for Zhang to divide his troops and go out to war. Wherever you go, there are almost no categories of livestock, regardless of men, women and children. Houses in towns and villages were set on fire, and the pale iceberg forest was also destroyed. The countryside is deserted and all become wilderness. The east, west and south suffered especially, and only the north existed alone, so I planned to leave Sichuan from here. Yiting Lao is also cruel to others, just like Zhang. Since he took office, diligent Zhang Yisheng has been captured and killed in order to find out the caves and caves that the people have avoided.
Then, it narrated that the minister of rites reported to Zhang that there were two priests in Tibet. Zhang has ordered that anyone who hides should be punished by peeling. Immediately ordered the killing of everyone except the servant. The two priests begged, and the criminal officer's heart was as firm as iron. An Dang was exempted from being adopted by Lister. 10 Many servants, old, weak and widowed members were killed. Three pupils, aged 65, 438+04, 65, 438+00 and 8 years old, cried and said they were willing to die together. )
After the brutal massacre, Chengdu Province was still empty. There are no residents except a few officials and scribes. Desolate sight, unbearable attention.
Zhang He led his army home in triumph, saying that foreign invasion had been eliminated and he should enjoy peace. 1646 proclaimed himself emperor in February. Zhang was moody, and the eunuchs and deputy ministers who reported the two priests were also flogged to death. The ministers of punishments and ministers were also punished and almost died. Even her husband was killed.
Zhang, regardless of military and civilian, kills people at will. At the beginning of his reign, there were thousands of DPRK officials, 700 when he left Sichuan, and only 25 when he died. Because Zhang was cruel, he killed many people. Or die by the sword, or make the whip die, or scalp peeling, or beheaded in the middle of the year, all kinds of non-punishment, it is a long story. Let's talk about the evil words that Zhang heard, saying that there are many meritorious ministers who should be put to death to repay their good deeds. Although they were killed, it was beneficial.
Zhang Zhongxian went from Sichuan to Shaanxi. When he left Chengdu, he ordered the palace to be burned down. Outside the city, he was ecstatic to see the smoke flying and the flames blazing. Ordered the whole city to set fire on all sides. At that time, all parties were on fire, and the public and private land, pavilions and pavilions were all red, like a sea of fire. The palaces and houses of the Ming kings were burned down. In a blink of an eye, the first city in Sichuan has become scorched earth, and people and animals assimilate ashes. It's a pity that it takes tens of millions of silver to restore the old view.
When Zhang went out of Sichuan, he was deeply impressed that the troops were on the road and there were many women in each camp, which hindered the progress. For example, in Zhang Li, there are 300 princesses besides four attendants. There are many women in the military and political ministers and generals in various battalions, especially many soldiers, who were taken away by the building. So he ordered a meeting, ordered the women to be taken outside the camp, and killed the next day. Zhang killed 280 people, leaving only 20 queens for military service.
As for all the women in each camp, they gathered in one place and were surrounded by soldiers. Zhang chose another group of soldiers to be axe-wielders, and at one command, he hacked and killed indiscriminately, crying and crying, which shocked the world. Women's bodies piled up like mountains and rivers of blood flowed. The thief is cruel and shocking! According to the statistics of the number of women killed in Japan, historian Ma once recorded as many as 400,000 people (original book note: Ma was honest and reliable, and two priests, Li and An, heard about his writings in Beijing on 1650. Besides, offering thieves is cruel and loves to kill people, and it is common for all walks of life to rob women. From this point, the horse is right. After killing women, Zhang was ecstatic and danced, congratulating the officials, saying that he got rid of the shackles of women, was not tired, and went ahead and won the world. The next day, the motorcade set off from Chengdu.
Zhang led a large group of people to rape and plunder along the way, and all the villages and towns he passed turned into hills and ruins. When residents near and far heard that the king was coming, they all fled the other side in advance. The troops led by Zhang came to Shaanxi. At the beginning, there was always a tour guide guiding us. However, due to the perilous road in Sichuan and the difficult journey, every time he felt difficult, he made a crazy masterpiece and killed countless guide officers, even the guides did not dare. Zhang led himself and walked straight ahead. There are many wrong paths over the mountain. Every time I go to a place where there is no way to go, I am tired and hard-prepared, annoying and hateful. You killed everyone, burned down every room and hated the snow. One or two hundred people should be killed every day.
The original book is accompanied by a chronicle of Mr. Wu Ma. Jianzhou (now Jianyang, Sichuan) was written by Fu Xishi and describes the author's life. At the age of nineteen, the author mistakenly went to the city to sell goods. Just entering the city, the door is locked and I can't get out. The author's soul is flying. The western soldiers still found the woodpile, and they were tied together with the citizens to be punished. I narrowly escaped after a narrow escape. As shocking as "Yangzhou Ten Days".