Qin people began to live in Longdong, west of Longshan, living in a wrong place with Rong people and far away from the Central Plains. After the Zhou royal family moved eastward, Qin talents gradually moved eastward. After several generations of efforts, they finally conquered Guanzhong when they arrived in Qin Mugong. From then on, until Qin Huiwen took Bashu (now Sichuan), the territory of Qin has been basically stable in today's Guanzhong area of Shaanxi for nearly 300 years.

This area was located at the westernmost end of the Huaxia civilization area at that time. Sima Qian said that the state of Qin lived in seclusion in Yongzhou, while Du You said in the Tang Dynasty that "Guanzhong faces inward and west". Modern scholars say that Qin "lives alone among the vassal States in the northwest." Foreign historians also described: "Qin Yuan is west of the Han family and isolated from other countries."

There are no strong enemies in the north, west and south of Qin State. The western part of Qin is a vast semi-arid grassland with some backward tribes scattered, which is called "Rong" by Huaxia. Since Qin Zifei was blocked, he has been against Zhu Rong. Qin Zhong, the famous leader of Qin people, was even killed by Rong. After Pingdong moved eastward, Qin people surpassed Longshan and developed to the east of Guanzhong.

At that time, the Qin people actually gradually seized land from Guanzhong Zhurong. When they arrived in Qin Mugong, the Qin people basically occupied the whole Guanzhong, and then their eastward advance was blocked, so they vigorously expanded their territory to the west, so "the eight countries in Xirong served Qin". Since then, the Rong people can no longer pose a real threat to Qin.

Extended data

Archaeology of origin

The study of Bamboo Slips in Tsinghua shows that Qin was not from Xirong. The mainstream thought in academic circles holds that the Qin people came from the east to the west, and they were a branch of the Huaxia nationality who moved westward in the war at the end of Shang Dynasty. An inscription was unearthed from Tomb No.1 of Qin Gong, which recorded that the Qin royal family was behind the Yellow Emperor. According to archaeological discoveries and historical records, the Qin people and the Rong people fought a long and bitter tug-of-war, and the two tribes were incompatible in nationality and culture.

Archaeologists have found that the cultural relics unearthed from Qin and Rong tribal sites have different styles. Qin culture mainly comes from Zhou culture, and Rong culture comes from Siwa culture. The researchers also found that the residence of Qin people and Rong people was staggered and confronted. Qin people mainly live in the open Sichuan Plateau and gentle platform on both sides of the upper reaches of the Western Han River, while Rong people mostly live in the valley areas of the lower reaches or tributaries of the Western Han River.

Two cities were also found in the Western Han Valley, which was one of the earliest places where Qin people lived. From the ruins and cultural relics, we can see the cruelty of the struggle between the two tribes The two tribes usually live in their own living areas, guarding against each other and fighting with each other. Experts also found the tomb of an early Qin nobleman, whose head was smashed by an arrow of the Rong people, which showed the tragic struggle at that time.

According to Shan Hai Jing, Qin and Zhou are descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Qin people take Huaxia as their own responsibility and Yan Di and Huangdi as their ancestors. For example, in 422 BC, Qin Linggong built a temple in Wuyang (now Wushan, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) to worship the Yellow Emperor; Build a temple to worship Emperor Yan. Qin people believe in the gods in the myth system of the Central Plains, such as the Queen Mother of Kunlun and Nu Wa, and have always worshipped the Four Emperors (Huangdi, Yan Di, Fuxi and Shao Hao).

"Historical Records" records: Being a Hou, living in Xiqiao, being the god (one of the five emperors in the legend of Han nationality)? [5], for the west temple, the temple has a white emperor (white emperor is one of the five gods of Shao Hao. As early as the Zhou Dynasty, according to "Zhou Li", people sacrificed six rites to the gods of the five parties.

These five gods are Di Qing Taihao Fuxi in the East, Yan Di in the South, Huangdi in the Central, Shao Hao in the West and Zhuan Xu in Hei Di in the North. Its animals are ponies, bulls and goats. Shuowen: "Won, the surname of Emperor Shao Shi is also." Zuo Zhuan made it very clear that the place where Lu was chosen was also called "the virtual place". After Qin Zhuanggong was killed by Rong Di, his son Shi Fu said, "Rong killed my father Zhong, but I dare not go into the city unless I do."

Moreover, the excavation of Qin Jinggong's tomb also proves that the Qin people belong to the Chinese nation. One of them inscribed "Levin has a spirit and is cared for by all sides", and the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xu Di and Levin, are consistent with the records in Historical Records. Later, Shang Yang's political reform in Qin attracted a large number of people from six Shandong countries to the sparsely populated Qin State.

What's more, most of the Qin dynasty was originally the territory of Zhou people, and many Zhou people lived on it. Qin's land was later occupied by Xirong, and Qin naturally had many descendants of Zhou people. For example, Qin Wengong defeated Rongren to "overcharge Zhou people" and later occupied the hometown of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In other words, Zhou talents are indigenous to Qin's hometown, while Rong people are foreigners.

In ancient times, when the traffic was extremely inconvenient, it was not easy for Xirong people to move to Qin, so there was no evidence to prove that they were the main ethnic group of Qin. Therefore, it is extremely wrong to say honor, and Qin people and Rong people never regard each other as their own kind.

Baidu encyclopedia-Qin state