Meng Huo, the leader of the southern ethnic minorities in China during the Three Kingdoms period, rebelled against Shu Han in 225 AD, was captured by Zhuge Liang's army and surrendered, and never rebelled again. According to "History of Han, Book of Jin, Spring and Autumn", before and after the death of Liu Bei, the first ruler of Shu Han, Meng Huo (Yi) followed the surname of Yizhou County to fight against Shu, inciting foreigners to rebel with him. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, personally conquered Nanzhong and won many battles. I heard that there was a man named Meng Huo, who had always been admired by local foreigners and Han Chinese, so he sent troops to attack Meng Huo and captured him in Pandong.
Zhuge Liang accepted the advice of Ma Su, who joined the army, pardoned Meng Huo and won the hearts and minds of Southern Shu Han. Later, when Nanzhong was pacified, Meng Huo returned to Chengdu with Zhuge Liang as an imperial envoy. After that, until Zhuge Liang died, no one dared to rebel in the south of Shu Han.
The earliest origin of "seven captures and seven verticals" is the fourth volume of Huayang National Records, Nanzhong Records. In addition, there is also a brief record in the biography of Zhuge Liang, which is quoted from the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Han and Jin Dynasties. However, in the history of the Three Kingdoms, there is no direct record of Shu Zhi, Zhuge Liang Chuan, Fan Liangji and Li Hui Lu Kaichuan, the leader of the army at that time.
1In April, 983, Mr. Miao Yue, a famous historian and professor of history department of Sichuan University, pointed out at the first national symposium on Romance of the Three Kingdoms that Zhuge Liang had such a great skill that he released Meng Huo casually and arrested him like a child. Fang Guoyu, a famous expert in Yunnan history, an expert in southwest history and geography, and a former professor in the history department of Yunnan University, said in the article "A Textual Research on Zhuge Liang's Route of Expedition to the South" that the matter of capturing Meng Huo seven times is only a folk legend, which is recorded in local chronicles and is not worth arguing about.
Mr. Fang also made an in-depth textual research on this issue in his book "Yi History Draft", and thought that Zhuge Liang's theory of arresting Meng Huo in the seventh place was "if it happened, it was pure fiction." Mr. Tan, a famous contemporary expert on the history of the Three Kingdoms and director of the Wuhou Temple Museum in Chengdu, also said in the article "Query on Zhuge Liang's Seven Topics of Meng Huo" that it is almost bizarre for Zhuge Liang not to kill Meng Huo, but the Seven Topics and Seven Verticals are incredible.
Mr. Huang Chengzong pointed out that as for the location of Meng Huo's seven captures, according to Yunnan Yuanlue, Meng Huo's seven captures: the first capture was at Baiya, which is now Dingxiling, Zhaozhou. One of them was captured in Dengshe Porcupine Cave, which is now Dengchuan County. One of them was captured in Foguang Village, and now the inspection department of Langqiong County is Dongerli. A capture on the Canal Hill. A capture in the shop, this shun Ningfu land. One was captured in Nujiang River, and now it is in Baoshan County, Tengyue Prefecture. A fire attack captured the valley, which is the snake valley of Nujiang River. Judging from the distribution of these sites, it covers a vast area of Yunnan Province. Judging from the traffic situation, soldiers are walking and horses are carrying luggage.
Zhuge Liang's southern expedition began in the spring of Jianxing three years, and it was autumn when he put down the rebellion and returned to Chengdu. It has been three or four months since I set out from Chengdu and arrived at the crossing site of "crossing Lugu River in May, nothing grows". The rest of the time, even if you keep walking, you can't walk all the points, let alone play in seven places.
Huang Chengzong believes that the story of "seven escapes and seven verticals" does not actually exist. Later, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the script were rendered, which made the plot particularly bizarre and absurd. In fact, Zhuge Liang's southern expedition, he reused local forces to protect his own interests; Oppose the policy of appointing officials to rule and sending troops to station since the Han Dynasty. He doesn't have to keep people or soldiers, let alone transport food to South China. He not only won the local leaders to work for him, but also got gold, silver, Dan, lacquer, cattle and war horses. This country is rich in military capital. In this way, he can specialize in the northern expedition to the central plains and maintain the stability of southern China in the rear.
Extended data
Meng Huo has always been controversial in academic circles. During the Republic of China, Mr. Zhang Hualan, an expert in Yunnan local chronicles, wrote The Debate of Meng Huo, saying that Meng Huo "did nothing for the public". He thinks: Chen Shouzhi (referring to Zhu Chen's "Three Kingdoms") is a traitor of Gaoding in South China and has written many books. If he had a Meng Huo who was served by both China people and foreigners, he would have a little peace. His men were captured seven times, and his name was' Gain'. Is there such a coincidence in the world?
Huang Chengzong believed that Meng Huo was a real person, although his date of birth and death could not be verified. Meng Huo's native place and family background are mostly related to the surname of Nanzhong. The famous "Meng Xiao Jubei" in Zhaotong No.3 Middle School was unearthed in Bainijing, the county seat of Zhaotong County in the 27th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 190 1 year). It is recorded on the tablet that Meng surname in Han Dynasty is one of the two most famous surnames in Nanzhong in history.
The historical record of Meng Huo is very brief. The Book of History of Han Jin Chun Qiu only records that he was a leader who was "served by foreigners". Is he Han or Yi? Two views have been formed for a long time. According to a school of historians, Meng Huo's nationality is Han nationality. Another school of historians thinks that Meng Huo is a foreigner. ?
The reason for supporting the Han school is that although Meng surname is the most popular surname in Nanping history, Meng surname is divided into Zhu Timeng and Jianning Meng. Zhu Timeng's family has been an official in the mainland since the Western Han Dynasty. The Meng family in Jianning was moved south by Zhu Timeng. During the Three Kingdoms, there were Meng Yan (Zhu Di), Meng Huo, Meng Gan and Meng Tong. Although there is a legend that the ancestors of Yi people are Meng Huo, there is also a legend that Yi people helped Zhuge Liang defeat Meng Huo. Therefore, Meng Huo may be a Han nationality who moved south.
However, people who support the Yi people believe that the leaders of ethnic minorities have China's surname for generations in history, so their ethnic groups cannot be judged by their surnames. As for ethnic minorities, they were instigated by rulers of past dynasties to kill each other, or were ordered to suppress them. Therefore, the fact that the Yi people helped Zhuge Liang beat Meng Huo cannot be used as evidence that Meng Huo was a Han nationality rather than a Yi nationality.
Huang Chengzong believes that in the history of Nanzhong, some of the most popular names recorded by Chu people, Wang Dian, really lived in Nanzhong. In fact, their influence fluctuates from time to time, but they are a minority and have long been integrated with local ethnic groups. Most of them don't know when they moved to Nanzhong. This phenomenon is basically common in history. Of course, the ethnic groups in this case are regarded as local aborigines. Meng Huo's ethnic group should be Yi. Meng's genealogy records were also found when sorting out Yi classics in Guizhou.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Meng Huo (leader of ethnic minorities in south-central China during the Three Kingdoms period)