From 65438 to 0856, William Henry Perkin was a student of the Royal Institute of Chemistry. Once, in the temporary laboratory in Greenford, he tried to synthesize quinine by chemical method. However, in an experiment to purify a purple dye, he accidentally produced aniline violet with potassium dichromate. And this is the first synthetic organic pigment in history! This also directly kicked off a series of carbon purification to produce a large number of pigments in the following decades.

Aniline violet, as a dye, quickly became popular, especially for Victorian families to customize many fashionable clothes.

crimson

Crimson is the most controversial and important organic pigment in19th century. 1868 was first developed in Germany. It can provide blue magenta and has good color reproduction ability and transparency. After coming out, it quickly became an important core color. Until the 1960s, it was the most transparent magenta. However, when the color is reduced to a very light color, it will become easy to fade. On the other hand, modern pigments have better light fastness.

Synthetic iron oxide

/kloc-the 0/9th century also witnessed the development of Maas pigments. According to the different humidity and temperature conditions in the production process, this "soil series" pigment can include a wide range, including brown, red, yellow and black series. At first, they are often opaque, and the intensity of color is far better than that of pigments made from natural soil. In the 20th and 21st centuries, due to the decrease of natural soil, they become more important.

impressionism

/kloc-in the 0/9th century, due to the blowout development of a large number of new pigments, the invention and use of metal pipes, and the improvement of the railway system, these comprehensive factors brought painters the possibility and convenience of going out to paint. It is easy to realize the idea of sketching in the countryside with bright new colors encapsulated in metal tubes, which directly brings us the most famous stage in history.

20th century

In the new century, pigments continue to develop at a high speed.

In the first two decades of the new century, HUST developed the "Lufthansa" yellow series. This is a synthetic pigment with good light resistance, bright color and high transparency. We call it lemon yellow now, but this series has developed more and deeper yellow series based on it. So far, this series is also an important pigment series, but its chemical composition will be more complicated. In short, their ingredients contain diazonitrite containing acetanilide. They are no longer as simple as before, and can be named "chromium-based" or "cobalt-based" pigments only according to their chemical structures. We use some simple new names instead. For example, the composition of Windsor yellow is actually azo yellow. The red system is similar. Since the 1920s, many new pigment components have been applied to this color system.

The most important pigment invention of this century is titanium dioxide. Although this pigment was identified as early as 1795, it was not until 1920 that people found an economical way to purify this metal oxide. Because of its non-toxicity, strong color and complete opacity, titanium dioxide quickly became the artist's favorite white.

1936, the British chemical industry company developed phthalocyanine blue, which we now call Windsor blue. It can provide transparent dark blue at moderate price. Its most valuable point is its mixed color characteristics, even after the color is restored, it can still maintain a state of high color intensity.

Another important group of pigments began in the 1950s. Dihydroquinacrine has been used in pigment production since this period, among which permanent rose red and permanent magenta are representative. They successfully filled the pink and purple color areas, and this transparent color series has extremely high light fastness. In the following 50 years, a large number of other colors in the series, from deep red to gold, were developed. Due to chemical action, dihydroquinacrine itself is used as a permanent deep red.

Could it be better?

In the 1990s, many synthetic organic pigments emerged continuously. Binaphthalene series, pyrrole series and aryl series (such as Lufthansa yellow) have all been put into production. At the same time, some new colors have been developed, which provides more choices for watercolor formula and better transparency for color matching or glazing. There are also some pigments that are more resistant to sunlight instead of traditional pigments. We have reason to thank our life and painting. In this era, painters in the past must be praying that it would be great to live today!

Thanks to the automobile industry!

Because cars have to endure and adapt to the external weather conditions, whether it is sun exposure, snowstorm or desert, they all put forward high requirements for the pigment raw materials used. Painters should thank and appreciate the automobile industry. It is precisely because of their rapid development that they have brought us all kinds of red, yellow and purple materials used today.

Today's artists paint.

The pigments we use today can be divided into the following different types according to their history. According to its history, we can generally divide it into three categories:

1, soil pigment-ochre, brown, brown, Maas series

2. Traditional pigments-cobalt, cadmium, titanium and ultramarine.

3. Modern pigments-phthalocyanine series, dihydroquinacridine series, pyrrole series and aryl series.

Chemically, pigments can be classified according to whether their components contain carbon or not. Such a classification method needs to be more technical, but it will also be more accurate. The classification method is as follows (examples are marked in italics):

1, inorganic series-soil series, mineral (cinnabar), synthetic series (cobalt series)

2, natural organic matter (rose red)

3. Synthesize organic matter (dihydroquinacridine) ~