young and promising
In his youth, Li Bai studied in a wide range. In addition to Confucian classics and ancient literary and historical masterpieces, he also browsed hundreds of books and became a "good swordsman" (Korean Jingzhou Book). He believed in Taoism, which was popular at that time, and liked to live in seclusion in the mountains and seek immortality to learn Taoism. At the same time, he has the political ambition to make contributions, claiming to "learn from Yan Guan's words, seek the skills of the emperor and strive for the wisdom of the emperor". He is willing to help him, make the atlas area stable and Hai Xian clear "("Dai Shoushan answers Meng Shaofu's book "). On the one hand, it is necessary to be a hermit immortal beyond the secular world, on the other hand, it is necessary to be an assistant to the monarch, which has formed the contradiction between being born and entering the WTO. However, actively joining the WTO and worrying about the country and the people are the mainstream of his life thoughts and the ideological basis for the progress of his works. Li Bai's poems written in Shu during his youth have not been handed down from generation to generation, but articles such as Dai Tian's Visit to Taoist Temple and Emei Mountain's Moon Song show outstanding talents.
Farewell to relatives and travel far.
In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (A.D. 725), Li Bai went to Shu, "leaving his sword to serve the country and his relatives to travel far away". He sailed out of the gorge and drifted along the river, and the mountains in his hometown gradually disappeared beyond recognition. Only the water from the Three Gorges still followed him, pushing his boat and sending him to a strange and distant city.
To Li Bai's surprise, there will be an extraordinary meeting in Jiangling. He actually met Sima Chengzhen, a Taoist who was respected by three emperors. Tiantai Taoist Sima Chengzhen not only learned a whole set of Taoist spells, but also wrote a good seal script, and his poems were as elegant as immortals. Xuanzong respected him very much. Once, he called him to the Inner Temple to learn Buddhist scriptures, built a balcony for him to view, and sent his sister Princess Yu Zhen to study Taoism with him. Li Bai was naturally very happy to see the favored Taoist priest, and sent his own poems for his review. Li Bai's elegant appearance and extraordinary qualifications made Sima Chengzhen appreciate it at first sight, but when he read his poems, he was even more amazed and praised him for "having the wind of a saint, which can make him wander at will." Because he saw that Li Bai was not only outstanding in appearance, but also brilliant in writing, which did not attract the attention of contemporary Rong Lu officials. This is a talent he has never met in the opposition for decades, so he is praised with the highest praise from Taoism. In other words, he has a "immortal root", that is, he was born immortal, which is similar to what He Zhang later praised him as "an immortal", and everyone regarded him as an extraordinary person. This is the overall impression of Li Bai's demeanor and poetic style. Li Bai rejoiced at Sima Cheng's high praise. He is determined to pursue such an eternal and immortal world as "wandering octupole". Excited, he wrote a great poem "Dapeng meets a bird", taking Dapeng as a metaphor and boasting about its great speed. This is Li Bai's earliest world famous work. He set off from Jiangling and started his flight thousands of miles away.
Li Bai went south from Jiangling, passed Yueyang, and then went south to reach one of the destinations of this trip. However, while boating in Dongting Lake, an unfortunate thing happened. Li Bai's traveling companion Wu Guide, from Sichuan, died of sudden illness (or was beaten to death). Li Bai is very sad. He fell down beside his friend and shouted, "Blood is behind the tears". Because he cried so much, passers-by cried for it. It's really helpless to meet such misfortune on the trip. Li Bai had to bury Wu Zhidao in Dongting Lake for the time being, and continued his eastward journey, determined to carry his friend's bones away after his trip to the southeast. Li Bai came to Lushan Mountain and wrote the famous "Looking at Lushan Waterfall".
Li Bai went to Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. This place is magnificent, and a tiger sits on a dragon plate, in the palace of the Six Dynasties. This not only aroused many feelings of Li Bai, but also aroused his pride in that era. He believes that the old capital has been in a state of decline, and there is nothing to see. It is not as good as the emperor's rule, and the world presents a peaceful scene. Although the domineering spirit of Jinling has disappeared, the children of Jinling have received Li Bai with deep affection. When Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, Wu Ji suppressed the wine, and Jinling's sons and daughters sent them to each other diligently, frequently raising glasses to persuade them to drink. The feeling of farewell flows through people's hearts like a flowing river, which is unforgettable. After Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, he went to Yangzhou from the riverside. Yangzhou was an international city at that time. Li Bai has never seen such a lively city, and has been hanging out with fellow travelers for a while. In midsummer, Li Bai and several young friends "dismounted, beside Oubei Avenue. Look at the green water on the horizon and the green hills on the sea. " It's so pleasant. In autumn, he fell ill in Huainan (Yangzhou). Being in a foreign country, he has a lot of thoughts. He lamented that he had little hope of making achievements and missed his hometown deeply. The only thing that can bring him some comfort is a letter from a distant friend.
Li Bai went to Gusu after recovering from illness in Huainan. This is the place where Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and beautiful women sing and dance day and night. Li Bai missed the past and wrote an epic poem "Wu Qiqu". This poem was later praised by He, calling it "making the gods cry". From this point of view, although Li Bai's Yuefu poems sometimes use old topics, they are more innovative. Of course, the scenic spots and historical sites in Gusu aroused Li Bai's nostalgia for the past, and the beautiful and simple Wu Ji and Yue Nv made Li Bai admire them. Li Bai left a beautiful sketch on the Huansha stone with his wonderful pen at the foot of the mountain where the stone used to be Huansha. Li Bai returned to Jingmen from the west. He stayed in Jingmen for three months. Although he is homesick, he has made no achievements in his career and finds it difficult to return to his hometown. Finally, he decided to roam again. First came to Dongting Lake and buried Wu Guide's bones in Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei). He met the monk Xing Rong in Jiangxia, and learned about Meng Haoran from him, so he went to Xiangyang to visit Meng Haoran and wrote the famous five-rhythm poem A Word to Meng Haoran. Soon, Li Bai arrived in Anlu and settled down in the Taoist temple of the little beast. But seclusion here is not a long-term solution, and he still wants to find opportunities for career advancement. When Li Bai lived in seclusion in Shoushan, he made friends with officials by lobbying to improve his reputation. Li Bai's literary talent was appreciated by Xu, the prime minister of Wuhou, and he was recruited as his granddaughter's husband. Li Bai and his wife, Xu, live a happy married life under Taohua Rock in Baizhao Mountain, not far from the Xu family. However, the beauty of husband and wife's life did not make Li Bai's ambition to go out and make a successful career decline. Based on Anzhou's wife's family, I traveled several times and got to know some officials and nobles. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (AD 734), I got to know the Han Dynasty Sect, the long history of Jingzhou and the secretariat of Xiangzhou.
Just entered Chang 'an.
Feudal emperors often hunted in winter. After Emperor Xuanzong ascended the throne, he went hunting many times, and every time he took foreign envoys to show off his strength to deter neighboring countries. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (AD 735), Xuanzong hunted again, and it happened that Li Bai was also traveling westward, hoping to win Xuanzong's appreciation because of his "Da Hunting Fu".
His "Great Levy" hopes to "show things widely", but "Sheng Chao gardens are remote and desolate, and the situation is very different from that of the previous generation", boasting that this dynasty is far superior to the Han Dynasty, and promoting the mysterious burial of Taoism at the end, in order to fit Xuanzong's mood of advocating Taoism at that time. The purpose of Li Baixi's visit is to present a gift. In addition, he also took this opportunity to visit Chang 'an and appreciate the scenery of this "pilgrimage to all countries". He lives at the foot of Mount Zhongnan. "He often climbs to Zhongnanshan to overlook it. When he climbed the North Peak of Zhong Nanshan, he showed him the elegance of a great country. He deeply feels that living in such a country is extraordinary, so he is quite proud. But the thought of the decadent factors in this prosperous empire once again hit his lofty mood. After Li Bai entered Chang 'an, he met Zhang Weiwei Qing and gave a poem to Princess Yu Zhen through him. The last two sentences say, "When there are few people, the Queen Mother wants to meet", which is to wish her enlightenment. Li Bai also said in his poem "Seeing Qing off" that his situation was very difficult and he hoped to introduce him to the imperial court. So he approached the upper class of the ruling class step by step. Li Bai also met He in Chang 'an this time. Li Bai once went to the Purple Pole Palace, only to meet He there. He has read He Lao's poems. When I met him this time, he naturally stepped forward to meet him and presented a book of poetry in his sleeve. He likes Shu Dao Nan and Wu Qi Qu very much. He excitedly took the scarab off his belt and invited someone to go out for a drink with Li Bai. He was shocked by Li Bai's magnificent poems and elegant demeanor, and even said, "Did you come down to earth with a white Venus? "
A year later, Li Bai was still a guest in Chang 'an and had no chance to take office. His mood is a little depressed. A good friend sincerely invited him to live in a secluded place under the sunshine of green hills, but Li Bai had no intention of going. This time I went to Chang 'an, with the ideal of making contributions, but I couldn't find it anywhere, which made Li Bai feel disappointed and a little resentful. I went to visit the prince at his door, and I was extremely dissatisfied. I just left Chang 'an with a sigh "It's hard to go, come back".
repay
Li Bai, 42, was recommended to Chang 'an by Princess Yu Zhen, the sister of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (said to be introduced by Taoist Wu Yun). Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appreciated Li Bai's talent and treated him with great courtesy. Li's Preface to the Collection of Caotang said, "Retire to greet you, as you see (one of the" Four Masters of Shangshan "in the Qin and Han Dynasties)". "Give the rice to the Qibao bed and let the royal hand scoop the rice." . But Tang Xuanzong only asked him to worship the Hanlin and be his own literary attendant. Three years later, he was "repaid" by Tang Xuanzong. Living in Chang 'an for three years has made Li Bai more aware of all kinds of corruption and darkness in North Korea. Being "paid back" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was a watershed in Li Bai's political career.
In the first year of Tianbao (AD 742), Xuanzong read Li Bai's poems and admired them, so he called Li Bai into the palace. On the day when Li Bai entered the palace to appear before the court, Xuanzong came down to meet him and said, "Give the rice in front of the Qibao bed and scoop it yourself." Xuanzong asked some contemporary affairs, and Li Bai gave a thoughtful answer based on his half-life study and long-term observation of society. Xuanzong was greatly appreciated and immediately made Li Bai worship the Hanlin. His job is to draft the announcement and accompany the emperor. Every time Xuanzong gave a banquet or outing, he ordered Li Bai's attendants to use his agile poetic talent to write poems on the spot. Although it is not a record of merit, it also spreads its words to future generations and arrogantly boasts to future generations. Li Bai was so prized by Xuanzong that his colleagues envied him, but some people were jealous of him.
When Li Bai was in Chang 'an, he not only worshipped Hanlin and accompanied Wang, but also often walked in Chang 'an. He found that there was a deep crisis in the prosperity of the country, that is, overbearing eunuchs and arrogant consorts closest to the emperor. They hung over Chang 'an and China like dark clouds, giving Li Bai a strong sense of oppression.
At the same time, Li Bai's debauchery was slandered by Zhang Tan, a scholar of Hanlin, and there were some bad feelings between them.
Li Bai was deeply moved by the corruption of state affairs and the slander of his colleagues. He wrote a song "Hanlin research, talk and gift to scholars" to express his intention of returning to the mountains. Unexpectedly, at this time, Li Bai was given back the gold, which seemed very unexpected. This time, it seems that Li Bai said something inappropriate.
Travel again
In the summer of the third year of Tianbao (AD 744), Li Bai arrived in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Here, he met Du Fu, who had a hard time. The two greatest poets in the history of China literature met. At this time, Li Bai was famous all over the country, while Du Fu was in his prime, but he stayed in Los Angeles. Li Bai is eleven years older than Du Fu, but he is not arrogant in front of Du Fu with his talent. Du Fu, an "old friend", did not bow to Li Bai's praise. The two men established a profound friendship on an equal footing. When they were in Luoyang, they made an appointment to meet again in Liang and Song Dynasties (now in Shangqiu, Kaifeng) to seek immortality.
In the autumn of the same year, they arrived in Liang and Song Dynasties as promised. Here, two people express their feelings through the past and discuss the present. They also met the poet Gao Shi here, who has not yet taken office. However, each of them has the same ambition and ideal. The three of them had a good time swimming, commenting on literary criticism and poetry, and talking about the general trend of the world. They were all worried about the hidden dangers of the country. At this time, Du Li was in the prime of life, and this exchange of ideas in their creation had a positive impact on them in the future.
In the autumn and winter of this year, Du Li broke up again, went to a Taoist teacher, created a true scripture (the secret text of Taoism), and taught a Taoist book. Li Bai arrived (now Jinan, Shandong Province) and was taught by Taoist Gao of the Qing Dynasty in the palace. Since then, he has officially performed Taoist rituals and become a Taoist priest. Later, Li Bai went to Anling County, Dezhou, and met Gailiao, who was good at writing symbols and seals in this area, and made a true atlas for him. Li Bai got a satisfactory result in this immortal visit.
In the autumn of the fourth year of Tianbao (AD 745), Li Bai and Du Fu met for the third time at the east foot. In just over a year, the two met twice and three times, and their friendship deepened. Together, they visited the hermit master and Li Yong, a world-famous essayist and calligrapher at that time. Just this winter, the two broke up and Li Bai was ready to revisit Jiangdong.
Li Bai left Donglu, took a boat from Rencheng and went to Yangzhou along the canal. I didn't stay much because I was in a hurry to meet Yuan Danqiu in Huiji. After arriving in Huiji, Li Bai first went to mourn the death of He. Soon, Kong also came to Huiji, so Li Bai, Yuan Danqiu and Kong visited Yudong, Lanting and other historical sites, boating in a quiet lake and wandering among rivers, and improvised descriptions of the beautiful scenery and beautiful women in this area. In Jinling, Li Bai met Cui Chengfu. Both of them are politically frustrated, and their feelings are more congenial. Every time I play, I enjoy swimming, morning and evening. They went boating on the Qinhuai River and sang all night, which attracted people on both sides of the strait to marvel and applaud them. Because of their congenial personalities and similar experiences, they have more tacit understanding and deeper friendship than ordinary friends, so Li Bai tied Cui Chengfu's poems to his clothes and memorized them when he remembered them.
Be invited to enter the screen
In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Li Bai took refuge in Lushan Mountain. At that time, there were always two contradictory ideas in his mind: retiring and helping the world. Li Lin, the king of the ages, just started his eastward tour at this time, and Li Bai was invited to enter the curtain. Li Bai went behind the scenes and urged Wang Yong and Wang Qin to put an end to thieves, but he also reflected on his lack of political foresight. Xiao and Kong in the south of the Yangtze River were also invited to avoid disaster. In this respect, Li Bai is obviously inferior to them. Wang Yong was soon defeated, and Li Bai was imprisoned in Xunyang. At this time, Cui Huan encouraged Jiangnan to recruit talents. Li Bai wrote poems for help, and his wife guru also cried for help. Song Ruosi stationed 3000 troops of Wu Bing in Xunyang. He rescued Li Bai from the prison and let him join the shogunate. Li Bai became Song Ruosi's adjutant, wrote several essays for Song, and followed him to Wuchang. Li Bai was highly valued under Song Ruosi, and recommended to the court again in the name of Song Dynasty, hoping to be appointed by the court again. But for some reason, instead of seeing the letter of appointment, he was turned into Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou), which was completely unexpected. In the winter of the second year of Zhide (AD 757), Li Bai went from Xunyang Road to Yelang, the exile. Because sentencing is a long-term crime and it will never return, and Li Bai is now in his twilight years. "Yelang Wan Li Lucy is old", which made him even more sad.
Died of a serious illness
In the second year of Gan Yuan (AD 759), Li Bai went to Wushan. Because of the drought in Guanzhong, the court announced an Amnesty, stipulating that all the deceased were pardoned from the stream and below. In this way, Li Bai was finally free after a long wandering. He immediately descended from the Yangtze River, and the famous song "Send Baidicheng Early" best reflected his mood at that time. In Jiangxia, Li Bai stayed for a while because his old friend Liang Zai was a local satrap. In the second year of Gan Yuan, at the invitation of a friend, Li Bai once again went boating with the demoted Jia Zhi to enjoy the moon in Dongting Lake, thinking about ancient love and expressing his feelings with poetry. Soon, he returned to the old places of Xuancheng and Jinling. For almost two years, he shuttled between the two places and still lived on people. In the second year of last year, Li Bai, who was in his early sixties, returned to Jinling due to illness. In Jinling, his life was rather embarrassing, so he had to go to his uncle Li, who was the county magistrate of dangtu county. In the third year of Shangyuan (AD 762), Li Bai was seriously ill. He gave the manuscript to Li before he died, at the age of 62. There have always been different opinions about the death of Li Bai. Generally speaking, there are three ways to die: one is drunk, the other is sick, and the third is drowning. The first way to die is found in Old Tang Shu, which says that Li Bai "died of drunkenness in Xuancheng because of excessive drinking"; The second way to die is also found in other official history or textual research by experts and scholars. It is said that when Li Guangbi Dongzhen was near the Huaihe River, Li Bai, regardless of the age of 6 1, heard the news and went to kill the enemy. He hoped to try his best to save the nation and survive in his twilight years, and returned home due to illness. He died of illness in Dangtu county magistrate and the most famous seal writer Li in the Tang Dynasty. The third law of death often appears in folklore, which is very romantic. Li Bai was drinking on the Dangtu River and drowned because he jumped into the water drunk to catch the moon, which is very in line with the poet's character. But no matter which way you die, it is directly related to your participation in the rebellion and uprising in Lilin, Wang Yong. It is an indisputable fact that Li Bai exiled Yelang shortly after he was pardoned, ending his legendary and bumpy life.