Zheng Zhuanggong was the most influential monarch in the early Spring and Autumn Period, and the first politician with vivid image and distinct personality portrayed in Zuo Zhuan. Zheng was in office for 42 years. With his outstanding political ability, as a newly sealed small country, he took the lead in rising in the political structure in the early Spring and Autumn Period and achieved the great cause of "small hegemony". In the Zhou Dynasty, Wang Gang practiced first, but did not go to court. He defeated Wang Huan in Gege. Externally, he was resourceful, decisive, advancing with the times, forged a good relationship with a big country, conquered a small country by force, and defeated every battle in his life. It can be said that Zheng Zhuanggong is one of the most outstanding politicians in the history of our country. However, for the image of Zheng Zhuanggong, history books and critics of past dynasties often add words such as "treacherous" and "vicious". Gao Shiqi in Qing Dynasty said that Zheng Zhuanggong "conspired to endure", which should represent the opinions of most people. What kind of person is Zheng Zhuanggong? One: Judging from the affection and brotherhood between mother and child, the criticism of Zheng Zhuanggong in the Zheng Zhuanggong world is mostly directed at his behavior towards his younger brother, uncle and mother Chiang Kai-shek. But is Zhuang Gong really as conspiracy forbearance, hypocrisy and cruelty as the ancients said? It is not difficult to understand why Zheng Zhuanggong indulged in evil and betrayed his younger brother, but supported evil and imprisoned his mother. Zuozhuan? According to records, in Yin Dynasty, he was married for the first time, and his name was Wujiang. Sheng Zhuang Gong and Gong Shu Duan. The birth of Zhuang Gong surprised Chiang Kai-shek, so he called it birth, so he hated it. I love my uncle, and I want to make it. I am in urgent need of Wu Gong. I also asked Zhuang Gong to make it on the throne. Gong Yue: Be strict, be obedient when your uncle dies. Invite Beijing, make it home, and call it Uncle Beijing. Sacrifice zhong said: there are many pheasants in Beijing, and the country is also harmful. The former king system: most of them are just one of the three countries, one of the five levels, and one of Xiao Jiu. If you don't go to Beijing today, it will be unbearable without control. ..... Then my uncle ordered me to treat myself as a beggar in the west and a beggar in the north ... My uncle treated me as his own city again ... As soon as my uncle summed it up, he repaired his armor and took his troops to attack Zheng. Ma 'am will start. As can be seen from Historical Records, the root cause of the rivalry between brothers and the discord between mother and son lies in Wujiang's preference for public narration and repeated violation of etiquette system, and Wujiang and public narration are the initiators of Zheng's civil strife. According to the eldest son inheritance system of the Zhou Dynasty, only as the eldest son can the father and son succeed to the throne and become the monarch of Zheng. As a younger brother, Duan is naturally not qualified to be a monarch, but can only be the Lord of a city by the monarch. Wujiang, because of the birth of Zhuang Gong, prefers the festival of sharing uncles, and wants to abolish Zhuang Gong, the eldest son, and set up a festival, which is obviously a violation of the naked inheritance system of the eldest son and a violation of the emphasis on different gifts for the young and the old. This bold violation of etiquette was unthinkable in the Western Zhou Dynasty, but after the Zhou royal family moved eastward, the royal authority was completely lost, and the ritual and music system, which was inseparable from the ruling order of the Zhou Dynasty, inevitably tended to collapse. Without the function of educating and restraining the upper class, all kinds of behaviors against etiquette began to be common. The behaviors of Wu Jiang and Gong Shuduan were only a microcosm of the collapse of rites and music in the early Spring and Autumn Period. However, although Zhou Li has lost his position as a tool to integrate social ideology and ethics and standardize communication standards, his core idea of respecting and belittling has long been deeply rooted in people's hearts, and people have become accustomed to praising and criticizing personnel from the perspective of etiquette. The author of Zuo Zhuan attaches great importance to the inheritance of the rites of the three generations, and clearly shows in his works that whether to respect or keep the rites is the standard for evaluating personnel. Therefore, after describing this passage of Zheng Boke in Chunqiu, this paper shows that this passage of Zheng Boke in Chunqiu is not a brother, so I don't talk about brothers. For example, the second gentleman is called gram; Zheng Bo said that he meant the loss of education; It's called Zheng Zhi. It's hard to run without saying anything. "In just a few words, he criticized the uncle Duan's disobedience and overstepping ceremony. At the same time, the author thinks that Zheng Zhuanggong's behavior is really a kind of rebellion and criticizes him for not teaching his younger brother well. Zuo Zhuan criticized Zheng Zhuanggong from the perspective of propriety, which was also held by many commentators in later generations, and even worse. However, if we reinterpret Ke Duan's Yan Duan from the sinister political environment in which Zheng Zhuanggong lived at that time, we will find that Zhuang Gong's "guiding evil and turning right" not only shows his profound political wisdom cultivated in the cruel struggle, but also shows a trace of human warmth in the cruel power struggle and human tragedy. When uncle Duan was insatiable and pressing hard, Zhuang Gong still attached importance to brotherhood, hoping that he would repent and did not take tit-for-tat action immediately. When it was inevitable that brothers would kill each other, Zhuang Gong just deported them. For Wujiang, a mother who prefers her youngest son and has morbid hatred for herself, Zheng Zhuanggong just imprisoned her in Indy. Seeing Uncle Ying eating meat for her mother, she said something and regretted it. Finally, at Uncle Ying's suggestion, she met Jiang Tun, and the mother and son made up. It can be seen that in the cruel power struggle, under the mask of the indifferent and vicious monarch, Zhuang Gong still has a deep affection between mother and child and brotherhood, which can never be completely erased. Therefore, when the ancients evaluated Zheng Zhuanggong, it was obviously unfair to ignore his humanity and only reprimand him for being sinister and vicious. Secondly, the behavioral philosophy of "living in the middle" is often used to express Zheng's embarrassing situation of struggling to survive between great powers, but this word can also be used to describe the contradictory behavioral philosophy in the era of the collapse of rites and music. Zheng, as a vassal named Ji who is related to the Zhou royal family, naturally has a special close relationship with. When Wu Gong assisted in moving eastward, his black shoulder once said, "I moved from Zhou Dong, and then I was promoted." Emperor Wu of Jin and Duke Zhuang of Jin served as ministers of Wang Ping for a long time, that is, consuls. Therefore, the rulers of Zheng attached great importance to the ceremony of emphasizing patriarchal politics and ethics. Zheng Guoren also left a solemn impression on his contemporaries. Until now, when we describe a person as serious, we still say that he is "serious". Zheng Zhuanggong also attaches great importance to etiquette. There are many records about Zhuang Gong's respect in Zuo Zhuan. The author of Zuo Zhuan even praised Zhuang Gong's respect in the form of "the gentleman's words": The gentleman said, "Zheng Zhuanggong was so loyal that he asked the court at the king's behest and didn't covet his land to reward the king's nobles. The gentleman said, "Zheng Zhuanggong is very polite ..." The rest of the things, such as cutting the Song Dynasty, releasing Mount Tai to worship the Duke of Zhou, helping the Qi people cut the Song Dynasty, ordering the king to save Qi, and being on an equal footing with the princes, are all in line with etiquette and righteousness. Julian Waghann was badly defeated in the Battle of Gege, but Zheng Zhuanggong stopped his men from pursuing King Huan of Zhou: "A gentleman doesn't want much, how dare he be the son of heaven! "If you save yourself, there will be no meteorites in your country, and there will be more." Be humble and reasonable. Zheng Zhuanggong respected etiquette in political activities, created the image of a defender of etiquette and music civilization for himself, occupied the commanding heights of moral public opinion in diplomacy, and realized the maximization of national interests, which showed his skillful political skills. However, Zheng Zhuanggong was a pragmatist. When the national interests are threatened or more benefits cannot be gained by observing the ceremony, Zheng Zhuanggong will not hesitate to put aside the rules and regulations of the ceremony and take severe measures to defend its own interests. Even the Emperor of Zhou, once it is unfavorable to him, will not hesitate to take tit-for-tat actions, such as heating Mai and Zhou Gu because of hating politics and fighting against Ge because of evil. For the Zhou royal family, we attach importance to both struggle and struggle. He can pretend to be Julian Waghann, make friends with his ministers, and dare to meet them, which makes Zhuang Gong show the unique unruly of that era. For governors, Zheng Zhuanggong is more beneficial to himself, so he can be his friend. If there is a gap, then armed with swords and soldiers, and become a big country, subduing neighboring vassals. Zheng Zhuanggong's diplomatic skills are flexible, his actions are decisive, and his grievances are clear, which shows that he has never said the word "courtesy". In this respect, Zuo Zhuan also has many criticisms. After three years of hiding, Zheng's army became this week's grain with warm wheat. Zuo Zhuan criticized it in the form of "gentleman's words", "Faith is not true, but quality is useless." After thirteen years of seclusion, Zheng Zhuanggong ordered the army to shoot Uncle Ying Kao with a sacrifice spell. Zuo Zhuan commented: "Zhuang Gong lost his sentence. There is neither benign politics nor threatening punishment, but good and evil coexist. What good is it to curse evil! " . Zheng Zhuanggong's seemingly contradictory philosophy of life, on the one hand, is caused by the environment in which he grew up, and Zhuang Gong was rejected by his mother because of his lack of interest in life. As soon as he ascended the throne, he faced the rebellion of his brother's uncle, and his mother became ill for it. In this sinister living environment, only when Zheng Canzhuang learns to assess the situation and learn to be resolute and decisive can he win survival and victory in the cruel and bloody power struggle. Therefore, Zhuang Gong naturally admired his strength. In order to strengthen himself, he should replace the restrictions of etiquette with pragmatic thinking, and all kinds of actions should be effective, regardless of whether they conform to the rules of etiquette. On the other hand, Zheng's social reality requires a flexible and effective foreign policy. Zheng is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, with Jin in the north, Chu in the south and Song, Wei, Qi and Lu in the east. In the political pattern in the early Spring and Autumn Period, the dangerous situation between big countries has loomed. What Zheng needs at this time is not a pedantic monarch, but a monarch with a tough and flexible wrist. In this situation, only by taking all effective measures to strengthen Zheng Can's strength can Zheng Zhuanggong survive under the siege of powerful enemies. Therefore, Zheng Zhuanggong's long-range attack and short-range attack, and the false Julian Waghann to win over the governors, are all out of practical needs. Finally, Zheng Zhuanggong advocated pragmatism while respecting rites, in order to find the root cause in the context of the collapse of rites and music. After Wang Ping moved to the capital, the royal family declined, the power gradually moved down, the old hereditary paternalism rule order tended to collapse, and the self-awareness of the vassal states increased. Although the patriarchal clan system is still hereditary in various vassal states, the kinship and sense of identity brought by the old blood relationship between vassal states and Zhou Zong are gradually lost, and there are more disputes between countries. Zheng Zhuanggong was keenly aware of the changes of the times and didn't stick to the rules. Instead, he boldly broke through the restrictions of etiquette, did not stick to one pattern, and sought to maximize Zheng's interests with flexible and sophisticated political skills, which eventually led to the situation of "bullying the soft and fearing the hard". Three: The tragic hero image in the changing times Zheng Zhuanggong was in politics for forty-two years in the early Spring and Autumn Period. He fought several battles with feudal lords and allied forces, defeated them, took his grain and wheat, and cut down Song, Wei, Chen, Ba and Lu, invincible. After several failures, he lost weight completely. So, why is Zheng Zhuanggong a tragic hero in the changing times? First of all, his personal defects made him make many mistakes in the process of ruling, leaving a huge hidden danger for Zheng. As Gao Shiqi said, "Zheng Zhuanggong is also the best in the world! However, we can't worship the country. There are many pets in the country. All three sons doubt you. In a sudden moment, suddenly, son-in-law, son-in-law, fighting for disaster and fighting for wealth, and domestic chaos, all conspired to endure their accumulation and take it. " When Zheng Zhuanggong was in office, he favored the ancestor of the people and made it the Qing Dynasty. Sacrifice the clock for Zhuang Gong, marry Deng Guo's daughter, and give birth. After Zheng Zhuanggong's death, he sacrificed to Zhong and named Gong as the monarch. Doctor Song married his daughter to Zhuang Gong and gave birth to Gong Li. Song Yong wanted to build it, so he detained Jizhong and forced him to change Gong Li into a monarch. Since then, Zheng has fallen into civil strife. It was not until the fourteenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu and the seventeenth year of Duke Li's residence in Oak that the political situation of Zheng was slightly stable. Sacrificing Zhong's monopoly position, and then losing his position to establish a monarch, led to the contention of various sons and the sharp decline of Zheng's national strength, all of which ultimately came down to the special favor of Zhong and his failure to deal with the heir. It is a tragedy that the great cause of "bully", which was worked so hard to create, collapsed rapidly because of some improper operations. Secondly, due to the inherent limitations of the state of Zheng, the "Zhuanggong minibus" cannot exist forever. Zheng is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, with narrow land and dense people and poor resources. Although there are relatively developed handicrafts and commerce, Zheng lacks the endurance of self-sufficient agricultural economy in wartime. Moreover, there are many vassals around Zheng, surrounded by strong enemies, and there is no danger in China, making Zheng an ideal battlefield between big countries. After Zheng Zhuanggong's death, there was chaos in China, and Jin and Chu rose one after another. Zheng finally fell into danger among great powers and finally went to extinction. On the other hand, Jin, Chu, Qi and other countries, most of which are rich in resources and have a large population, have no strong enemies in Zhou, which is convenient for external expansion and enables them to compete for hegemony in the Central Plains. Due to the realistic limitation of Zheng's congenital deficiency, he finally failed to stand at the height he should have. Thirdly, in terms of ideological tendency, Zheng Zhuanggong is the defender of ritual and music culture. From a purely personal point of view, he respects and abides by the ceremony and is willing to obey the order symbolized by the ceremony, which can be seen from his constant respect for the Zhou Emperor. However, what he did all his life, as well as his efforts for the rise of Zheng, eventually became the force to accelerate the collapse of the old order, making him the grave digger of the old order he maintained. This slightly absurd situation has a strong tragic meaning. Zheng Zhuanggong was the first tragic hero in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zheng Zhuanggong's life is full of drama, and his characters are also very complicated. Under its aura and stigma, there is not only the wisdom and strategy of an outstanding politician, but also the feelings of ordinary people, which has a strong tragic color. What we see is a tragic hero's majestic posture and heartbreaking helplessness more than two thousand years ago.