I. Overview of the Reform Movement of 1898
The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as the Reform Movement of 1898, the Reform Movement and the Reform Movement, was a bourgeois reform movement represented by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in the late Qing Dynasty, which advocated learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce through Emperor Guangxu.
Second, the economic reform of the Reform Movement of 1898
To protect and reward agriculture, industry and commerce, the main measures are to set up a general administration of agriculture, industry and commerce in the capital and commercial bureaus in provincial capitals to encourage the reclamation of unused cultivated land and the translation of western agricultural books; To build railways and mine minerals, the main measure is to set up the General Administration of Railways and Minerals in the capital and encourage private enterprises to set up industrial and mining enterprises.
To reward scientific works and inventions, the main measures are to reward the articles of association for making devices and revitalizing technologies. Anyone who has a new book to create a new law or make new equipment can have a license and a patent can be sold.
The main measures to reform finance and prepare budget and final accounts are to rectify finance, put an end to corruption, list the income and expenditure of households in various forms and report them monthly, so that everyone can understand the national finance and strictly investigate tax evasion; Cancel the parasitic privilege of Manchu.
The Influence and Evaluation of the Reform Movement of 1898
I. Impact
Although the Reform Movement of 1898 failed after Empress Dowager Cixi staged a coup, it promoted the self-reform of the late Qing government, aroused people's dissatisfaction with the Manchu government, promoted the transformation of intellectuals from reform to revolution, and further promoted the process of China's ideological emancipation movement.
Although the Reform Movement of 1898 failed, many young people went abroad to study, and more western theories were introduced to China, which made China's ideological circle more active, and the Reform Movement of 1898 became the May 4th New Culture Movement.
Second, the evaluation
China historian Fan Wenlan called the Reform Movement of 1898 "the first reform movement" in his Modern History of China.
Scholar Qin spoke highly of the Reform Movement of 1898 in the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Archives of the Reform Movement of 1898. He believed that the Reform Movement of 1898 was a great patriotic and national salvation movement, the first ideological emancipation movement in modern China, a fierce impact on the feudal system and a precedent for modern political reform in China.