The twelve emperors of the Qing Dynasty were:
1. nuerhachi-year number and fate
Nurhachi, surnamed Aisin Giorlo, born in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1559), was a Manchu slave owner's family.
2. Huang taiji-Tian Cong
Huang Taiji, the eighth son of Nurhachi, the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was his mother Ye Henara. Huang taiji was born on October 25th in the 20th year of Wanli of Ming Dynasty (1592).
3. Fu Lin-Shunzhi.
The ninth son of Huang Taiji was born in Chongde for three years (1638). Chongde ascended the throne in Shenyang on August 26th, renamed Shunzhi, and was in office for 18 years. He died in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (166 1) at the age of 24.
4. Michelle Ye year Kangxi
The third son of Shunzhi was born in the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654 May 4th). The longest reigning emperor in China was 6 1 year.
5. Yin Zhen-Yongzheng years.
Born in the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), the fourth son of Kangxi. In 6 1 year of Kangxi, 45-year-old Yin Zhen succeeded to the throne, and in 13, he ascended the throne and died in Yuanmingyuan. Temple number sejong.
6. Li Hong-the year number is Qianlong.
Born in the 50th year of Kangxi (17 1 1) and died in the 4th year of Jiaqing (1799). He was the fourth son of Yongzheng, who reigned for 60 years. After abdicating, he became the emperor's father for three years, aged 89.
7. Yan Yong, later changed to Yan Jiaqing during the Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty.
The fifteenth son of Li Hong, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Born in the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), he made Jia a prince in the 54th year, and became king in the 60th year of Qianlong, renamed Jiaqing, and reigned for 25 years. He died in the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820) at the age of 6 1. The name of the temple is Renzong.
8. Mianning, later changed to Yongning, the year number Daoguang.
Born in the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782 September 16), he died in the fourteenth day of the first month of the thirtieth year of Daoguang. After 30 years in office, he is 69 years old. Temple number Xuanzong, buried Muling.
9. Yi Yi Nian Hao Xian Feng
Daoguang was born in Yuanmingyuan, Beijing in the 11th year (183 1 July 17). Xianfeng died in the eleventh year (186 1 August 22nd). In office 1 1 year.
10. Zai Chun-Tongzhi years
Tongzhi Emperor Zai Chun is the only son of Xianfeng and Yehenara. Born in Xianfeng for six years (1856). Twelve years of tongzhi. He died the following year. 19. The name of the temple is Mu Zong.
1 1. Zai Tian year number Guangxu.
Emperor Guangxu was born in the Alcohol Palace on Taiping Lake in Xuanwumen, Beijing in the 10th year of Tongzhi (187 1 August). His father Huan Yi is the seventh son of Daoguang, and his mother is the sister of Cixi. This special family environment made him emperor after Tongzhi's death. He reigned for 34 years, Guangxu 13 years.
12. Puyi-Xuan Tong Year No.
Aisin Giorro Puyi was born in the 32nd year of Guangxu (1February 7th, 906) in Chunwangfu, a seaside town in Shichahai, Beijing. 19671June 17 died in Beijing at the age of 6 1. He is the author of The First Half of My Life.
Extended information in the late Qing Dynasty
On 1895, the Qing government signed the treaty of shimonoseki with Japan, ceded Taiwan Province Province and Penghu, and lost its vassal country Korea. The complete collapse of beiyang fleet established by Li Hongzhang, the Westernization School, also declared the ultimate failure of the self-improvement movement.
Subsequently, the reform movement led by Emperor Guangxu, Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei, the Reform Movement of 1898 was put under house arrest because of the opposition of Empress Dowager Cixi and conservatives. The reform failed because it was only 103 days, so it was also called the Reform Movement of 1898. 1896, in order to unite Russia to control Japan, the Qing court signed the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty. In view of the Qing Dynasty's inability to defend itself, the powers set off a frenzy to carve up China.
The Qing Dynasty was bullied by foreign powers for a long time, and the Boxer Rebellion broke out in Hebei and Shandong with the slogan of "helping the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries". Empress Dowager Cixi wanted to take this opportunity to exclude foreigners, secretly acquiesced in the Boxer Rebellion and declared war on eleven countries. In order to protect China and disobey the orders of the Qing court to declare war on foreign countries, the governors of Central South and Southeast provinces initiated self-protection in the southeast. The Boxer Rebellion triggered retaliation from western powers.
1900, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing. Beijing was occupied, robbed and plundered by allied forces. Empress Dowager Cixi led Emperor Guangxu to flee to the west. She believed that the disaster was caused by the Boxer Movement, so she issued an order to eliminate the Boxer Movement.
In the end, the Boxer Rebellion failed under the joint extermination of the Qing army and Eight-Nation Alliance. 190 1 year, the Qing dynasty signed the "Xin Chou Treaty" with eleven countries. The Qing court paid a lot of compensation and delineated the leased land and sphere of influence. From 65438 to 0904, the conflict of interests between Japan and Russia broke out in the northeast of China, which further deepened the semi-colonization of China.
After the fall of Eight-Nation Alliance, intellectuals put forward various plans to save the country, which were mainly divided into two reform routes: constitutionalism and revolutionism. 190 1 year, the constitutionalists Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao promoted the constitutional movement, and Liang Qichao published the Proposal on Formulating the Constitution, hoping to make Emperor Guangxu a constitutional monarch. In order to save the decline of the Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi deliberately imitated the reform in Europe and Japan and carried out the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty.
The New Deal mainly carried out a series of reforms, such as constitutional monarchy, the establishment of a new army in the Qing Dynasty, the abolition of the imperial examination and the rectification of finance. The revolutionaries were disappointed with the reform of the Qing court and advocated overthrowing the Qing dynasty and establishing * * * peace.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty