In the process of introducing philosophy, we first compare various philosophies-Western philosophy, China philosophy and Indian philosophy on the same platform.
All philosophy is characteristic of a particular culture. In the history of world culture, there is the so-called axis era, that is, from 800 BC to 200 BC, which is equivalent to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China. Only three places in the world have philosophy, or only three places have philosophical breakthroughs: the West, China and India. In the west, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle appeared in Greece, Confucius, Laozi and Mozi appeared in China, and Buddhism and Jainism appeared in India. This is a very strange phenomenon. The philosophy formed in these three places naturally developed in the local regional culture during the axial period, so the philosophy developed in this way also has its own independent values, independent ideas and independent philosophical problems, thus forming three major philosophical systems: Greek system, China system and Indian system. At that time, there was no direct communication between the three systems, but they each embarked on their own development path. /kloc-After the 6th century, the Greek system expanded to the whole of Europe, and after the Renaissance and religious reform, its power became stronger and stronger, while the China system was in a weak position compared with the Indian system, thus the discourse hegemony of western culture appeared.
I. Western centralism and its collapse
The highest authority of western centralism is Hegel. His "Philosophy of History" has a long preface, excluding the East, including China, Indian and Egyptian. He believed that the real history began in Greece, and the Greeks were the spiritual home of the West, because the West turned Greece into its own philosophical home, and it was not until later that Germany became the West and the center of the West. Hegel talked about China's philosophy in Lecture Notes on the History of Philosophy. He said that Confucius' set is just a motto, and anyone can think of debuting Dege and life motto, which is just a philosophy; The Book of Changes and Laozi are a bit like philosophy, but they are too shallow and have no logical argument, so they are not philosophy. Philosophy began in Greece, but there was no philosophy in China. This concept has influenced the west for a long time.
In the twentieth century, western centralism encountered serious challenges and eventually collapsed. Among them, there are three landmark events. This is:
(1) During the First World War, Bingler, a German, reflected on World War I and various crises of western culture and wrote The Decline of the West. He divided the world civilization into several pieces and thought that the west had entered a period of decline.
(2) During the Second World War, Jaspers put forward the concept of axial period through reflection. During the Axis period, there were at least three origins of culture and civilization in this world. If you count Israel, it is four. Both of these reflections have subverted western centralism.
(3) After the end of the Cold War, American Huntington wrote another book, Clash of Civilizations, which divided the world civilization into several large pieces, including Christian civilization, Islamic civilization, Confucian civilization, Japanese civilization and African civilization. Huntington believes that after the Cold War, the world has produced a struggle between civilizations instead of politics, economy or ideology. Western centralism experienced three major events in the twentieth century and was constantly destroyed.