The Battle of Julu (or the Battle of Julu) was a decisive battle between Qin Jun and allied governors in Julu County (ancient county name, now Julu County, Hebei Province) at the end of Qin Dynasty (20081month-July 2007). Finally, Xiang Yu's Chu army defeated the commander-in-chief Qin Jun and wiped out a main force in Qin Jun.

Julu District of Qin and Wei Dynasties 1.

In July 209 BC (the first year of Qin Ershi), a year after Qin Ershi ascended the throne, Chen Sheng rebelled against osawa. Zhang Han, the Qin general, incorporated the criminal Shan Li into the army to suppress the rebellion. In December, Chen Sheng suffered a crushing defeat. In June, 2008 (the second year of Qin Ershi), Tian Xianxian and Wei Zhi were born in Zhang Han. In the battle of Dingtao in September, Xiang Liang, the main force of the Chu army, was completely annihilated.

Leap in September, thinking that Chu soldiers were not worried enough, they crossed the Yellow River in the north, joined Wang Lijun who came from the north to reinforce, attacked Zhao, and defeated Zhao in Handan. Then Wang Li continued to surround Wang Zhao and rest in Julu, while Zhang Han himself stationed troops in the south to build a passage to transport food and grass to the besieged Qin Jun. Zhao Chen Yu recruited Hengshan soldiers in the north, and got tens of thousands of soldiers. The northern army was huge. Please help Chu.

Chu army camp soldiers are divided into two ways, all the way to solve the siege of Zhao Julu, thinking that the general, known as the "top scholar in Qing Zi" Xiang Yu is the second general. Another army attacked Guanzhong along Henan, with Liu Bang as the commander in chief. Chu Huaiwang promised that "the first person to settle in Guanzhong is king."

2. Xiang Yu killed Yi Song.

Yi Song led the Chu army to Anyang (an ancient place name, southeast of today's Cao County (now Anyang) in Shandong Province) and stayed there for 46 days. Xiang Yu was eager to attack Qin Jun and avenge his uncle Xiang Liang, so he urged Yi Song to send troops. Yi Song refused to listen, retorted that Xiang Yu was foolhardy, and ordered the whole army: "All fierce tigers, ruthless sheep, greedy wolves and powerful messengers will be beheaded!" Irony wants to kill Xiang Yu.

Yi Song sent his son Song Xiang to Qi as prime minister and personally sent him to Wuyan (Guxian County, now Dongping County, Shandong Province) for drinking and having fun. At that time, the weather was cold and it rained heavily, and the foot soldiers were hungry and cold. Xiang Yu used this to arouse the soldiers' dissatisfaction with Yi Song.

In November, on the 47th morning of Song Yijian's position, Xiang Yu and Yi Song went to court, and recorded them. Xiang Yu immediately announced to the foot soldiers: "The king of Chu ordered the book (Xiang Yu) to be severely punished for plotting against Chu with Qi!" (Yi Song colluded with Qi to betray Chu, and the King of Chu secretly ordered me to kill him! )。 He also sent Huan Chu and his father and son to report to Chu Huaiwang after Chu. After Chu, Chu Huaiwang had to appoint Xiang Yu as the general and lead troops to save Zhao.

3. burn your bridges.

The forces of Chu Army were far inferior to those of Qin Jun. First, Xiang Yu sent Ying Bu and General Pu to cross the Zhanghe River with 20,000 troops, attacked the tunnel and won several battles. In December, Xiang Yu led the whole army to cross the river and ordered to cut off cooking and sink the boat. Everyone only brought three days' dry food, and the rest were burned to show their determination to fight to the death.

4. Take one as ten.

Inspired by Xiang Yu, the morale of the Chu army was high and they fought bravely. The army of Su Jiao, the commander of Qin Junyong, was defeated in one fell swoop, forcing the army to retreat and withdraw its support for Wang Lijun. At this time, Xiang Yu turned over and fought against Wang Li and the Great Wall Corps, winning nine out of nine.

At that time, a Chu army could kill ten Qin Jun ("Three History Notes Xiang Yu Biography") recorded: "Every Chu soldier is equal to ten." ), and Xiang Yu personally fought bravely to inspire the foot soldiers, "Feather soldiers call heaven and earth" ("Pre-Han/Emperor Gaozu Ji No.1"), which finally defeated Qin Jun. Qin general Su Jiao was killed and Wang Li was captured. He refused to set himself on fire and died.

5. Stay out of it.

Before Xiang Yu attacked, although more than a dozen armies of governors, such as Yan, Qi, Wei, Dai and Liao, had come to the rescue of Julu, they were all afraid of Qin Jun's strength, but they only stationed troops in the periphery and did not dare to fight. When the Chu army attacked Qin Jun, all the vassal armies still stayed at home, just watching in the camp (Records of the Historian Xiang Yu's Chronicle records: "The vassal armies saved the giant deer from more than ten walls and did not dare to fight. When Chu attacked Qin, all the generals looked at it from the wall. " ), when you see Chu Jun big break Qin Jun, all the governors are appalled, all worship fu xiang yu.

However, in Biography and Biography of Chen Yu, the three notes in Historical Records, there is another saying about the vassal army: "Xiang Yu's soldiers are out of the ordinary, and Wang left the army because of lack of food. Xiang Yu learned to lead the troops across the river, so he broke Zhang Han. Zhang Han led the troops to solve the problem, but the vassal army dared to attack Qin Jun, the stag, and then took the king away. Involved in suicide. "

According to Zhang Er Chen Yuchuan, when Xiang Yu attacked the tunnel guards in Zhang Han, the vassal army just stood by and watched. When Xiang Yu attacked Wang Li, the vassal army participated in the siege, captured Wang Li and forced him to commit suicide. It was the Chu army and the vassal army that died together.

Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty, in the History of History, Biography of Xiang Yu and Biography of Chen Yu in Zhang Er, integrated the statements that: "When Xiang Yu was rewarded, he led his troops across the river, all of them sank, smashed his cauldron, burned his house and gave three meals to show that his soldiers would die. So the king of Wei followed him, fought nine battles with Qin Jun, and Zhang Han led the troops. Zhuangke dared to attack Qin Jun, killed Su Jiao and left the king. If you don't fall, you will burn yourself. "

6. Zhang Han surrendered.

In April 2007 (the third year of Qin Ershi), Zhang Han sent Sima Xin to Xianyang to ask for reinforcements. Zhao Gao refused and sent someone to kill Sima Xin. In May, Sima Xin returned to the barracks and told Zhang Han that the imperial court had been controlled by Zhao Gao. "The general is also punished for meritorious service and reactive power." In June, Xiang Yu's Chu army defeated Qin Jun in Sanhujin and sewage. In July, Zhang Han was worried about Zhao Gao's persecution, so he, Sima Xin and Dong Kun led about 200,000 people from Qin Jun to surrender to Xiang Yu in Yin Ruins.

7. Follow-up development.

When Xiang Yu fought against Wang Li and Zhang Han in Hebei, Liu Bang captured the rear area of Qin Jun, Henan, and broke through Wuguan in August. Zi Ying, the king of Qin, surrendered in October, Liu Bang entered Xianyang, and the Qin Dynasty perished.

8. Xin 'an killed and surrendered.

In November, Xiang Yu led an army to Xin 'an, fearing that Qin Jun would change, and killed more than 200,000 soldiers in the south of Xin 'an (now Yima, Henan). (Alienation: Xiang Yu was afraid of lack of food, ashamed to ask for food, and killed it. However, this statement is very suspicious. ) But Xiang Yu did not execute Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Kun.

("Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography" records: "Xiang Yu called and General Pu deliberated:' There are still many Qin officials, but my heart is not satisfied. If they don't listen to Guan Zhong, things will be dangerous. It's better to kill them and stay in the state of Qin alone with Chang Shixin and three people. "So ChuJun night attack killed more than 200 chi in the south of Xin 'an. ")

19 12 When building the Longhai Railway, a large number of human bones were excavated in the local area. Now the site is called "Chukeng". There are many doubts about the "Xin 'an Pit" incident, and there is a great debate in the history circle. It is not excluded that Liu Bang deliberately vilified Xiang Yu for the sake of political stability when he established the Han Dynasty.