Ni niannian

Public health is an important social problem in the process of urbanization, and public health policy is also the most important aspect of public policy. Public health is not only related to the healthy development of the city, but also to the stability and harmony of social order. Since the industrial revolution, the rapid development of social economy has accelerated the process of urbanization, resulting in various social problems, among which public health problems are particularly serious. 19 In the 1930s and 40s, faced with such a severe public health problem, the British Parliament passed the 1848 Public Health Act, which marked that the central government began to abandon the principle of liberalism, break through the tradition of local autonomy and intervene in the field of public health through legislative means. The bill regulates water supply, sewage discharge, garbage disposal, housing and other issues. The Central Health Committee is the first public health institution in British history, aiming at managing and supervising public health at the national level. Therefore, the bill opened the way for the British public health reform movement and established the development direction. This paper is divided into three chapters, and the main contents are as follows: The first chapter mainly expounds the background of the promulgation of 1848 Public Health Law, focusing on the urban environment, diseases and public health management at that time, summarizing the characteristics of British public health in the first half of 19 century with historical materials, and introducing the harsh urban health situation in this period from three aspects: urban living environment, working environment and urban natural environment. In order to explore the deep-seated reasons leading to 19 public health reform in 1930s and 1940s. Then it expounds the disease and health status of British society in the first half of19th century, introduces the outbreaks of infectious diseases, epidemics and occupational diseases in this period respectively, and points out the causal relationship between them and public health status. On this basis, this paper expounds the public health management institutions and operating conditions in Britain during this period, and points out that the traditional management system of this agricultural society can no longer meet the requirements of the industrialized society. The second chapter mainly discusses the public health reform movement of 19 in 1930s and 1940s and the formulation process of 1848 public health bill. This paper first discusses the rise, development and achievements of the 19 public health reform movement in 1930s and 1940s, and points out that the reform movement laid a solid social foundation for putting forward the public health bill, and various public health ideas emerged in the movement became the main source of the public health bill. Secondly, it expounds the proposal and main contents of 1848 public health bill. Senator Moppes submitted the public health bill to Parliament twice, which reflected chadwick's public health thought, that is, the state strengthened its intervention in the field of public health and implemented centralized management. The last part introduces the focus of the bill in the process of parliamentary debate. Local forces and liberals strongly opposed the bill and had a heated debate with supporters of public health care reform, forcing the bill to greatly weaken the tendency of centralization. The third chapter discusses the influence and evaluation of the bill on the basis of the first two chapters. Firstly, it introduces the cholera control led by the Health Committee and its achievements from a microscopic point of view. Then, from the middle point of view, it is expounded that the bill initially established the national health system; Secondly, from a macro point of view, this paper discusses the far-reaching significance of the bill, which has created a model of state intervention in public health. Finally, objectively evaluate the bill from both positive and negative aspects, and make a historical orientation for the bill. Finally, the origin, process and results of 1848 public health bill are summarized.