With the globalization of the world economy, the world we live in is becoming a world of equal communication. The situation that one country dominates other countries' destiny and influences the world shape is no longer in line with the trend of social development, and political multipolarization has become the trend of contemporary world development. Political multipolarization is a trend and a dynamic development process. So far, multipolarization has not yet formed a basic new world pattern. According to the actual situation in today's world, there are five power centers in international political relations: the United States, Japan, Western Europe, China and Russia. The existence of the five power centers has greatly influenced various regions and many countries in the world. The relationship between the five power centers is both competitive and restrictive, which makes military hegemonism subject to more restrictions and restrictions, which is conducive to world security and stability. However, the struggle between the trend of multipolarization and the attempt of unipolar hegemony in the United States is far from over, but it is getting worse. (2) Any "pole" in the world multipolarization has strong economic strength and great international political influence, which are usually complementary to each other and constitute two major aspects of comprehensive national strength. Therefore, multipolarization can be understood mainly from two aspects: the enhancement of economic strength and the improvement of political international influence; (3) The emergence of multipolarization mainly includes the relative decline of the strength of the two superpowers, the rapid rise of Europe and Japan, and the rising trend of China and third world countries, which is manifested in the gradual narrowing of the gap between Western Europe and Japan and the United States and the increasing political centrifugal tendency towards the United States; China's international status is constantly improving, and the third world countries are becoming stronger and more United. Multi-polarization of world politics refers to the trend that basic political forces such as countries and groups of countries that have an important influence on international relations interact in a certain period of time and develop into a multi-polarization pattern. The trend of multipolarization has made new progress in global and regional political and economic fields. This is because: first, the process of economic globalization has greatly reduced the possibility of establishing a unipolar world, and science and technology and economic strength have become more and more important factors. Today, with the rapid development of science and technology and economy, it is impossible for any force to occupy an absolute advantage in all directions and control the world at will. Economic multipolarization is the basis of political multipolarization, which is the embodiment of the trend of multi-center and regionalization of the world economy in the development of world politics. Second, the multipolarization of world politics is the result of the unbalanced law of world economic development. The contest of comprehensive national strength of all countries in the world will inevitably lead to multipolarization of world politics. Third, the diversity of civilizations in various countries has become an important social foundation for world multipolarization. Fourth, the fundamental reason for the inevitable development of multipolarization is that all major forces must safeguard their own interests and will never sacrifice or give up their own interests and succumb to the interests of other countries. The development of the world towards multipolarization is not only an objective trend independent of human will, but also a goal pursued by countries and groups of countries outside the United States. The United States wants to build a unipolar world, but it is unable to do so. EU integration makes the EU stronger; Japan has accelerated the pace of transformation from an economic power to a political power; Although Russia has lost its status as a Soviet superpower, it is still a world power; The development of China's reform and opening up has greatly enhanced its role in the international arena. These countries and regional groups unanimously advocate the development of multipolarization in the world. The differentiation and combination of various forces in the world and the profound adjustment of relations between major powers are conducive to the development of multipolarization, which develops in twists and turns. The formation of multipolar pattern will be a long process. This is because: first, American hegemonism and its attempt to establish a unipolar world are the biggest obstacles to the development of multipolarization. Second, the continuation of the world cold war mentality, the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the North and the South, ethnic divisions and religious disputes will also have various interferences and influences on the trend of multipolarization. Third, the formation of multipolar pattern is a process of regrouping various forces and redistributing interests in the world, which will produce many uncertain factors. The process of multipolarization in the world is full of contradictions and struggles. The significance of multipolarization of the world pattern. First, it conforms to the objective law of world development; Second, it is conducive to reflecting the consent and interests of all countries and people; Third, it is conducive to avoiding a new world war; Fourth, it is conducive to containing hegemonism and power politics; Fifth, it is conducive to promoting the establishment of a just and rational new international political and economic order; Sixth, it is conducive to promoting the coordinated and balanced development of world politics, economy and culture.

The evolution of the international political pattern from two poles to multi-poles is a basic trend of the post-war world historical movement, which began in the late 1950s and showed three parallel historical processes: the capitalist camp evolved from the monopoly of the United States to the tripartite confrontation of the United States, Europe and Japan; The Eastern Group moved from ideological debate to division; "Third World" countries play the role of balancing the two poles in the international political arena in the form of non-aligned movement. The resultant force of these factors has promoted the development of multipolarization. The trend of world multipolarization is a gradual process. After the trend of multipolarization appeared, the bipolar pattern did not collapse immediately. However, due to the division of the two camps, the content and form of bipolar confrontation have also changed, and the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union has become more prominent as the main axis of the Cold War between East and West. The 1960s and 1970s were the peak of the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union, and a series of confrontation events took place in the form of crisis. During this period, due to the rise and fall of the strategic forces of both sides, the situation of hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union has undergone great changes, which has led to changes in the international strategic pattern. The 1980s witnessed great changes in the international political structure. With the overall contraction of the Soviet Union under the overwhelming arms burden, institutional changes have taken place in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union itself. The original basis of bipolar confrontation collapsed, marked by the reunification of Germany, and the Cold War between East and West came to an end. Therefore, world multipolarization has begun a new development process under the new historical conditions.

I. Changes in US-European-Japanese relations. The bipolar world pattern, which was formed in the early postwar period and characterized by the confrontation between the two camps of capitalism and socialism, gradually evolved into multipolarization after entering the mid-1950s. The direct cause of this change comes from the structural adjustment and differentiation within the two camps. Among them, the capitalist camp headed by the United States has gradually developed from the monopoly of the United States to the tripartite confrontation of the United States, Europe and Japan. The Eastern Group centered on the Soviet Union is gradually splitting and disintegrating. In this process, new power centers have emerged in both camps. At the same time, the "third world", which was originally between the two camps, has become increasingly active in the international political arena and played a role in balancing the two poles. Two. Since the mid-1950s, the Eastern Group, led by the Soviet Union, and the international capitalist movement have had increasingly fierce ideological and national interests disputes, and gradually moved towards division and disintegration. In this process, the differences between the two parties and the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations played a decisive role. From the Asian-African Conference to the Non-Aligned Movement, the "Third World" refers to the "developing countries" that are on the edge of the world economic system and relatively backward in the modernization process, while in the field of international politics, it refers to the "middle zone" between the two major ethnic groups headed by the United States and the Soviet Union. Because most of the countries in the "middle zone" are "developing countries" in any category. The "third world" refers to basically the same kind of countries, that is, emerging countries that are mostly located in Asia, Africa and Latin America and have been colonized or semi-colonized in history, and most of them gained independence after World War II. The rise of the so-called "third world" mainly summarizes the position and role of the "third world" countries as a collective force in promoting the evolution of the world pattern to multipolarization from the perspective of international politics. The Non-Aligned Movement is also committed to promoting economic cooperation (South-South cooperation) among third world countries, and calls for changing the irrational international economic order. Most members of the movement are also members of the Group of 77, which represents the interests of developing countries at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Their declarations and programmes of action put forward at previous UNCTAD meetings have made important contributions to promoting dialogue with developed countries (North-South dialogue) and reforming the international economic system.

1. In the process of the evolution of the world pattern from bipolar to multipolar in the 1950s and 1960s, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union was always at the center. If the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in the early days of the Cold War is still manifested as the confrontation between two camps, then with the polarization of the two camps, the pattern of bipolar confrontation is more directly manifested as the hegemony of two superpowers. The relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s was characterized by the second Berlin crisis and the Cuban missile crisis, which reflected the strategic position of the two sides under the conditions of power comparison at that time. Generally speaking, the United States held the initiative in the Cold War, but after entering the 1970s, the situation changed. 2. The Vietnam War and the change of hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1970s. While the United States contracted its strategy, the Soviet Union stepped up its strategic offensive in the 1970s. It took advantage of the favorable conditions to reverse the hegemony of the United States and the Soviet Union, and pursued an expansionist foreign policy with its rapidly growing military strength, frequently attacking various strategic locations in the world. In the first half of 1970s, the Soviet Union focused on consolidating its sphere of influence in Europe and forming its strategic advantage over Western Europe. One of the important measures is to gain the advantage of nuclear power in the theater by deploying medium-range missiles on a large scale. After stabilizing Europe, in the mid-1970s, the Soviet Union launched a "southward offensive", attacking from two directions: Southeast Asia (sea) and Southwest Asia (land), challenging American hegemony in an all-round way. During this period, the Soviet Union successively fostered pro-Su Zhengquan factions and established strategic strongholds in Afghanistan in West Asia, Ethiopia in the Horn of Africa, Angola in South Africa and Nicaragua in Latin America. The Soviet Union also brought India and zhina into its sphere of influence through Vietnam, trying to control the maritime traffic line between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. However, the expansion of the Soviet Union is difficult to sustain because of the lack of a solid economic foundation. When the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 to stabilize its strategic stronghold in West Asia, its weakness began to be exposed, and it fell into the quagmire of the Afghan war like the United States fell into the Vietnam War. Taking this as an opportunity, the situation of hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union was reversed again in the 1980s. 3. A major turning point in the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1980s. 1at the end of 979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, pushing the United States to the edge of the strategic defense line. The Carter administration had to change its policy toward the Soviet Union and announced the so-called "Cartesianism" on 1980123 October, warning the Soviet Union with a tough stance different from "Nixon Doctrine": "Any attempt by external forces to control the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as." Cartelism "is regarded as the beginning of a new turning point in American strategy towards the Soviet Union, which was completed after Reagan took office 198 1. The contraction of the Soviet Union in this period was in contrast to the toughness of American policy, which led to a substantial turning point in the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. This turning point is not a cycle of confrontation and relaxation as before, but fundamentally changed the strategic balance between the United States and the Soviet Union, shaken the bipolar system that formed the basis of the post-war world pattern, and ended the Yalta system that lasted for 40 years and the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union that lasted for 40 years.

1. The unification of Germany and the disintegration of Yalta system. 1989, the wave of drastic changes in eastern Europe suddenly put the seemingly impossible reunification of Germany and Germany on the agenda and realized it at an extremely fast speed. The unification of Germany is an important milestone with historical significance in the process of post-war world history development. It indicates that the Yalta system based on the demarcation of the boundary between Europe and the East, which was established in the early postwar period according to the results of the Second World War, has collapsed, the pattern of Europe and the world has undergone fundamental changes, and world history has entered a new era. 2. The disintegration of the Soviet bloc and the end of the Cold War between the East and the West, the overall contraction of the Soviet Union, the drastic changes in Eastern European countries and the reunification of Germany made the "Eastern bloc" headed by the Soviet Union fall apart and could no longer be maintained. Faced with the substantial changes in the political, economic and military structure in Europe, the Warsaw Pact and the Mutual Economic Assistance Committee, as the main tool for the Soviet Union to control East Germany and Eastern Europe, have lost their foundation of existence. The dissolution of the CMEA and the Warsaw Pact is also the self-dissolution of the "Eastern Group" as a side of the Cold War. As a result of the dissolution of this group, one of the two ethnic groups that originally constituted the confrontation between East and West has disappeared (the Soviet Union itself disintegrated six months later). In this sense, the Cold War between East and West, which lasted for more than 40 years, is over.

After the end of the cold war, the world pattern has entered a great transition period. The 1990s was the initial stage of the world's transition to a new pattern, with old and new contradictions coexisting and various forces vying for the dominance of the new pattern. In this process, the intention of the United States to establish a unipolar world has formed a sharp contradiction with the objective trend of world multipolarization. The Gulf War and the Kosovo War showed the evolution of major world contradictions in the transitional period. At the turn of the century, globalization has become a historical trend. The process of globalization at the economic level poses a series of challenging "global problems" to human society in the new century. These problems are essentially the reflection of the basic structural contradictions in the contemporary world. The sustainable development of human society and modern civilization will largely depend on the answers to these questions. China is an important part of the world, and the development of China is closely related to the development of the world. A correct understanding of the relationship between China and the world is not only the need of the development of China, but also the requirement of the progress of human society.