The name Allegro appeared late. In the early years, it was called "Jilaibao", also known as "Dingdang", "Liukou" and "Lianhualuo", which was sung by the poor in the Song Dynasty. Like Lotus Waterfall, it was originally sung by beggars begging along the street. As a singing activity when begging, it has a long history; As a form of artistic expression, it is relatively late. As mentioned earlier, artists in the old days always wanted to find a historical celebrity and regard him as the originator of the mountain in order to add luster. Of course, artists of "digital treasures" are no exception. So, I found the historical Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang among beggars and took him as my grandfather. Cloud tourists "river's lake talk" said:
I once asked my generation why we chose Zhu Hongwu. According to them, Zhu Hongwu was born in zhongmou county, Bozhou. Father's name is Guo. She has four sons and a daughter. The third son was separated because of chaos, and the daughter got married. The fourth son, Emperor Hongwu, was different from ordinary people since he was a child. It is said that this baby is not an ordinary person, and it will be excellent in the future ... Zhu Hongwu's name is Zhu Yuanzhang, and the word is Guo Rui. When he can speak, he will call his father dead and his mother dead, leaving him alone to live with his mother in Wang Gan. When he grows up, he will be sent to Huang Jue Temple to become a monk, and the elders will name him monk Long Yuan. The elders treated him well, but the monks in the temple treated him badly. After the death of the elders, the monks expelled Zhu Yuanzhang from the temple, and the godmother Wang sent him to Majiazhuang to herd cattle outside Mr. Ma. The place where cattle were herded was Stone Mountain, but his luck was clumsy. Many cows died of illness, or were buried in the mountains or ate their meat, and were expelled by Mr. Ma. Wang's godmother died of illness again and had to beg from door to door. Because of his great fate, whoever is called grandpa will get sick, and whoever is called mom will get sick. After Li Zhongjun, people were not allowed to call his grandfather and mother in front of the door. Zhu Hongwu felt sad where he kept his cattle. When he was a teenager, he was unlucky, so he begged others to get sick. How to beg if you don't shout in front of the door? He suddenly saw two cow bones on the ground, and he was anxious. He wants to beat them with them and beg from door to door. So I beat this cow bone every day and beg along the door. People in zhongmou county are afraid that they will call their parents. Every time they hear the sound of cow bones in front of the door, they will take the leftover food to Zhu Hongwu. Beggars who spread to poor families today, if they don't call their parents, are their heritage.
People in society call it ox bone, and people in poor families call it "Taiping Drum". There are thirteen small bronze bells, also left by Zhu Hongwu. According to legend, one bell can eat one province and thirteen bells can eat thirteen provinces.
This statement by the artists of "Count to Treasure" has the color of pushing the past into the present, so we can only talk about it. "Jilaibao" appeared in written records quite late. The Beiping Guide says:
"Several treasures", formerly known as "known by good people", were all dressed in rags, offering sacrifices to Zhu Hongwu, holding bamboo boards, and some holding ox bones. Accept apprentices and ask for money according to household demands. Recently, there are many places like flyovers, and some people regard this as an art and put on a performance.
"Counting treasures" has changed from singing activities when begging to "dumping land" and becoming a performing art. The anonymous "Du Men Zhu Zhi Ci" said: Recently, people are always curious, and the news has made people understand. A group of people gathered in a pile and shouted around. The development of "Zilaibao" has gone through three stages: first, begging and singing along the street; Second, the performing arts of "dumping land"; Third, perform on stage.
In the old days, Beijing Tianqiao had a "Zilaibao" venue, but it was not fixed. Because "Digital Treasure" doesn't earn much money, and its language is vulgar, it is not easy to attract audiences, and its owner is unwilling to rent it to the artists of "Digital Treasure". When they see an empty space, they say that it will occupy a place over time. Xiao Hai and Cao Mazi are famous artists in the "digital treasure" of Tianqiao. A cloud tourist said in "A Talk in Rivers and Lakes": "Xiaohai has occupied the flyover for a long time and never left Beiping as far as Long Fu Temple, Huguo Temple and Tudi Temple to catch a temple fair. Pockmarked Cao went outside the cave. If Beiping wants to make money, it will go to towns and villages for fairs and temple fairs. Although there are still some people on the overpass who talk about counting treasures, their artistry is not strong, and they are not as good as Xiaohai and Cao Mazi, and no one pays attention. "
The performance form of Allegro
In the past, artists would improvise some words when performing in the street. They say whatever they see, and they are good at singing along with the clips, publicizing their views and expressing their feelings. From editing, acting to singing, it is faster than any form. For example, Cao Dekui, a treasure artist in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote a lyric (at that time, it was beat with cow bones): once the bones began to ring, nothing else was clear. In the era of autocracy, the people are not living, and the people are not living. Since the Guangxu Gengzi year, the Boxer Rebellion has taken place in Beijing. The soldiers around were in a panic, and black smoke was everywhere in the city. Seeing that the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, the people said yes to every little thing. It vividly reflects the voice of the people. In the war of liberation, the people's army further played the fighting role of Guibao. The Warriors compiled a lot of Allegro works to boost morale. Comrade Bi, who is known as the "Allegro King", praised Allegro and said: Singing heroes and winning battles are concrete and practical. Entertainment is fun, and guiding work is meaningful. Allegro has two main forms of expression: one person singing and two people singing. The counterpart still retains the original name of "Jilaibao", and some of them are also called "Allegro counterpart". There have also been "Allegro" sung by three or four people and "Allegro Troupe" performed by more than a dozen people from factories and troops. Some areas have also developed into Allegro sung in local dialects, such as Allegro Tianjin and Allegro Shaanxi, which have played a very good role in education and entertainment. Allegro has many forms, such as "Count to Treasure", Allegro book, Allegro Minor, Allegro Tianjin, etc. Count to Treasure is performed by two people; Allegro performs alone; Allegro is mainly a form of mass cultural activities except a short return; Allegro Tianjin is sung in Tianjin dialect.
Allegro is flexible and colorful. From the form of expression, one person said Allegro, two people said "one of the best" and more than three people said "Allegro Group" (also known as "Allegro Group").
From the perspective of space, there are allegro with only a few words, short stories that can be told for more than ten minutes, and "Man Zi Live" that can be told for many days as a story.
Judging from the dialect, Allegro can be said in Mandarin. "Count to Treasure" is also sung by Tianjin Allegro in Tianjin dialect. In addition, some places also sing rap art forms similar to Allegro with local voices, such as Shaanxi Allegro, Sichuan Qianban and Shaoxing Lotus Fall.
From the content, the story wins. The so-called "multiple narrative" in which a clue runs through several short stories has no story at all.
From the perspective of rhyme, there are allegro and allegro books that rhyme to the end, and there are also "Several Treasures" that often change rhyme.
The artistic means of allegro
"Burden", "exaggeration" and "spreading" are common artistic means of Allegro, but they are not unique to Allegro, but are unique to other art forms. These artistic means have had an important influence on the formation of the artistic characteristics of Allegro.
Allegro Baggage (1), especially Julaibao, is humorous in artistic style. Like crosstalk art, "burden" is an important means to structure the plot and portray the characters. "Burden" is the lifeline of crosstalk art, without which crosstalk is not. Allegro often uses "Bao", but sometimes it is good at plots and characters, and "Bao" is in a secondary position.
(2) Allegro exaggeration is not only used to organize "baggage", but also to add color to the description and make it vivid, sometimes both. As Li Bai said in his poem, "White hair is three thousands of feet, and sorrow is like a long beard." In fact, there will never be three thousands of feet white hairs. But people admit that it will not exist in life, but understand its existence in art appreciation. This is the beauty of exaggeration. As mentioned above, as an exaggeration of language art, we can neither talk nonsense nor enlarge it. Therefore, it is often justified in the big picture and cannot be criticized in the small one. Such as Du Fu's "Military Vehicle Shop":
We know that having a son will bring bad luck, and having a daughter will be much better. ; Who can get married and live in a neighbor's house, while we bury our children underground! If we understand it from the perspective of language exaggeration, it is undoubtedly the pouring of grief and indignation, and it is an indictment of the darkness of society at that time. On the other hand, if literally, "We bury our boys under the grass" and all the men are dead, is it ok to have a daughter "marry her neighbor"? It sounds like a joke, but it is often encountered in the creation and appreciation of Quyi.
(3) Paving Allegro books are mainly narrative, with many descriptive elements, which are often rendered by paving techniques, making abstract content concrete, vivid and vivid.
Kuaishu and Allegro belong to a kind of performance form of rhyming and reciting in China Quyi, that is, talking like talking and singing like singing. But there is a difference between fast books and allegro, which are two short stories of the same category.
Although both Kuaishu and Allegro are performed by counting or reciting with a strong sense of rhythm, the lyrics they rap are rhymed in regular patterns. However, there are also differences, except for the different forms of rap performance, that is, the different use of dialects, which makes the rhythm of rap or recitation different, and the lyrics are also different: fast books or allegro are developed on the basis of Allegro, and generally perform medium-length programs with strong sense of story and typical characters, and the rhyme feet of lyrics are usually the same; Allegro usually only performs short programs with strong reasoning or lyricism, and the rhyming method of lyrics is relatively free, which is called "Hua Zhe", that is, you can rhyme freely in a paragraph of lyrics. Whether it's Allegro or Allegro, the basic sentence pattern of Quci is a seven-sentence structure. However, as long as it does not conflict with the rhythm and melody of rap, there are often insertions, additions and deletions, and the sentence patterns are free and flexible.
There are many different kinds of fast-paced books according to different regions, dialects and rap styles. Such as Renqiu bamboo calligraphy popular in Shandong, gongs and drums popular in the suburbs of Shanghai, and Allegro formed and popular in Tianjin. The most famous and influential book is Shandong Kuaishu, which spreads all over the country.
Allegro also has different genres, such as Zhu Laibao, Shuoguzi, Shaanxi Allegro, etc., depending on the region, dialect used and rap style.
The expressions of fast books and allegro are very simple. Generally speaking, actors stand and rap with clapping hands with small percussion instruments. There is a "stand-up" form in which one person performs, a "counterpart" form in which two people perform, and a "group mouth" form in which three or more people perform. According to the specific type of music, the instruments used to accompany clapping are also different. For example, Shandong Kuaishu uses two crescent-shaped copper pieces of one inch square size, which are called "Yuanyang Board" when performing with one hand. A bamboo percussion instrument, one large and one small, used for counting treasures or allegro. There are two big boards and five small boards. The big board is bigger, and the five small bamboo pieces are smaller, tied together with ropes. During the performance, the actors rap with big boards and small boards in their right and left hands. Between paragraphs, clapping and high-five are often performed, and various eye-catching effects are played to entertain the audience.
As rhyming oral rap art types, Kuaishu and Allegro attach great importance to the creation and artistic charm of lyric language itself. It not only has the techniques of "Fu, Bi and Xing" commonly used in China's traditional poetry creation, but also relies heavily on the rich and colorful rhetorical techniques in Chinese, such as parallelism, antithesis, disyllabic, rhyming, homophonic, pun and metaphor. In terms of aesthetic style, it also advocates comedy color and entertainment effect, pays attention to humor and humor, and also pays attention to creating "gimmicks" or "burdens" that make people laugh, and pursues the aesthetic realm of entertaining and entertaining.