The simple answer is: the most powerful energy explosions in the universe are supernova explosions and gamma ray bursts.

This is the energy that a single celestial body or any single object in the universe can emit.

This kind of energy is in addition to the energy emitted during the Big Bang.

In fact, supernova explosions and gamma-ray bursts are one and the same thing.

It is the same thing because gamma ray bursts are the product of supernova explosions. The so-called supernova explosion has two situations: narrow sense and broad sense. What we are talking about here is a generalized supernova explosion.

Supernova explosions in a narrow sense are generally understood to be explosions at the end of the evolution of massive stars. It is theoretically believed that stars with a mass more than 8 times that of the sun will undergo supernova explosions at the end of their evolution.

The result after the explosion is a star with a mass of more than 8 times and less than 30 times the mass of the sun, and the corpse is a neutron star; a star with a mass of more than 30 times the mass of the sun will leave a black hole after it explodes.

This is just a rough theory. The supernova explosion has a very complex mechanism, which also involves the metal content of the protostar, etc. Therefore, the explosion results of stars with the above masses are not necessarily exactly the same, and some with large masses Stars even explode and no one remains.

The generalized supernova explosion does not only refer to massive stars, but also black hole collisions, neutron star collisions, white dwarf star collisions, collisions between them, and white dwarf accretion exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit. , the accretion of neutron stars exceeds the Oppenheimer limit and explodes. The explosions of these phenomena will cause large explosions, some of which are more energetic than simple stellar explosions.

For example, type Ia supernovae mainly refer to explosions caused by the accretion or collision of white dwarf stars that exceed the Chandrasekhar limit. In fact, in the scientific community, the phenomenon of celestial explosions and flashes in the universe is broadly called supernova explosions.

Supernova explosions, some will produce gamma ray bursts, and some will not. Generally speaking, bursts of smaller energy will not produce gamma bursts.

These smaller energy explosions include Type Ia supernova explosions, and stellar core collapse explosions that are 30 to 40 times less massive than the sun, which are Type II supernovae explosions.

Black hole collisions, neutron star collisions, and stars with a mass of more than 50 times the sun have a much higher probability of GRBs.

The discovery of supernova explosions can be traced back to ancient times. The earliest recorded supernova was recorded in 185 AD during the Eastern Han Dynasty in China.

According to the Records of Astronomy in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: In the tenth month of Guihai in the second year of Zhongping (185), the guest star came out of the south gate, as big as half a banquet, with five colors of joy and anger, and a slightly smaller one. It will disappear in June of the following year.

This supernova has been named SN 185 by astronomers and is considered a Type Ia supernova.

In the past, supernova explosions were rarely observed by people, because in ancient times, observation mainly relied on people's eyes. Even with telescopes later, it was difficult to detect a few sudden flashes of starlight among the dense stars.

In modern times, astronomers have used automatic survey telescopes and photographic records to discover many supernova explosions. These explosions are basically explosions outside the Milky Way and are far away from us.

There are many such supernova explosions every year. Some years there are hundreds, and some years there are only one or two. So far, humans have recorded tens of thousands of supernova explosions, but supernova explosions in a galaxy are rare. The Milky Way usually has one supernova explosion every 50 years.

The last supernova discovered in the Milky Way was on October 9, 1604, more than 400 years ago. The German astronomer Kepler made detailed records of this supernova, so it was named "Kepler's Supernova".

The Kepler supernova is 6,000 light-years away from the earth. It is very bright, with an apparent magnitude of -2.5. It should be the brightest star in the sky at that time.

The brightest supernova discovered so far is ASASSN-15lh.

This supernova was discovered by the Dong Subo research team of Peking University in China. Its brightness reaches 20 times the total luminosity of the hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way, and is 570 billion times the brightness of the sun. Gamma-ray bursts were discovered accidentally in the 1960s.

It was still during the Cold War, and the United States launched a satellite called Vela, which was specifically used to monitor gamma rays produced by nuclear tests by the former Soviet Union and China. Nuclear explosions will produce gamma rays. By collecting the intensity and quantity of gamma rays, the yield and location of the nuclear test can be known.

But this satellite has received random gamma ray enhancement signals from the universe, which occur almost every day, increasing and weakening.

These ray bursts do not come from the Earth, and their intensity exceeds the sum of gamma rays in the entire sky.

Later research showed that this was a gamma ray burst coming from the universe. This is an unexpected harvest, unintentional planting of willows and willows.

This kind of gamma-ray burst comes from the distant depths of the universe and occurs hundreds of times over a year. Each time lasts as short as a thousandth of a second and as long as several hours.

Research believes that the occurrence of this kind of gamma burst is generally a supernova explosion caused by the death of a massive star, or a huge ray stream erupted from the collision of a black hole, a neutron star, etc. This powerful ray stream usually originates from The emission of the magnetic pole of a celestial body is the result of the celestial body emitting its residual energy in an instant before it dies. It is the reflection and last ditch effort of a massive celestial body.

For example, a gamma burst that occurred 12 billion light years away from us was detected on December 14, 1997. Within one or two seconds of the burst, the brightness was the same as that of the universe except itself, for 50 seconds. The total energy released is equivalent to the total radiation energy of the Milky Way for 200 years, and is hundreds of times greater than a supernova explosion.

A gamma-ray burst observed on January 23, 1999 was 10 times more powerful than this.

This kind of energy burst can reproduce the high-temperature and high-density state of the Big Bang for a thousandth of a second within a few hundred kilometers around it, that is, a trillion-degree temperature, and only leptons appear in matter. Therefore, gamma ray bursts are the largest energy bursts observed by humans and are unparalleled.

In the universe we know, only the moment when the cosmic singularity explodes has much greater energy than this. Apart from this, no cosmic event has been found that can be compared with a gamma ray burst.

However, the Big Bang is still just a theory so far, and humans cannot retroactively observe it, while Gamma ray bursts are discovered by observation.

The greatest energy produced by humans on earth is the explosion of hydrogen bombs.

Whenever a bubble pops up on the sun, a small flare on its surface is equivalent to the energy of tens of billions of giant hydrogen bombs.

The ASASSN-15lh supernova explosion is equivalent to 570 billion times the solar energy and 20 times the total radiant energy of the Milky Way.

The energy of a huge gamma ray burst is equivalent to the total radiation energy of the Milky Way for hundreds or even thousands of years, and is thousands of times greater than the energy of a general supernova explosion!

This kind of gamma ray burst occurs almost every day in the universe! Common knowledge in the scientific community: Gamma-ray bursts are the top killer of life and civilization in the universe.

There is a relatively broad understanding in current scientific research, which is that more than 90% of the civilization in the universe has been wiped out by gamma bursts. This is the main reason why civilizations in the universe are extremely rare and humans have not found a close friend so far. It is also the reason why it is difficult for civilization in the universe to develop to a high level.

The earth has also been hit by many gamma-ray bursts, some of which were far away and had a small impact, so the impact was not great.

The largest gamma-ray burst occurred 440 million years ago, when a pair of neutron stars collided about 6,000 light-years away from the earth. One of the several gamma-ray bursts that burst out happened to hit the earth. , causing the earth's atmosphere to be shattered and ocean plankton to be killed.

This triggered a series of chain disasters leading to the extinction of life on earth. The atmosphere was destroyed, leading to drastic changes in solar radiation and climate. The Ice Age came, 10% of the ocean was frozen, and the sea level dropped by 100 meters. This disaster lasted for 400,000 years, leading to the extinction of more than 85% of species and the restart of life on earth.

When will a gamma-ray burst visit the earth again? Will there be a chance for life to restart? I have no idea.

I only know that gamma-ray bursts are the most powerful killers in the world. Gamma-ray bursts are the product of supernovae, so they may be the same thing.

That's it, welcome to discuss, thank you for reading.

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