"The Chinese Imprint in Japanese Culture" (quoted from /article/2584507.html) China and Japan are not only geographically separated by water, but also culturally connected by a thin line - even modern China has lost Many of the elements of civilization can still be found in today's Japan, as is the saying "If etiquette fails, seek the wild." Among them, the culture of the Tang Dynasty had the deepest influence on Japan. Beginning in the seventh century, China and Japan sent envoys to each other, opening a direct channel for cultural exchanges between the two countries. Large-scale and frequent cultural exchanges began in the Tang Dynasty. In 631 (the fifth year of Zhenguan), Japan sent its first "envoy to the Tang Dynasty" composed of overseas students and scholarly monks. By 838 (the third year of Kaisei), Japan had sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty to visit the Tang Dynasty thirteen times, and the "Envoy to the Tang Dynasty" and "Envoy to the Tang Dynasty" sent to the Tang Dynasty to visit the Tang Dynasty three times. In the early Tang Dynasty, the number of missions sent by Japan to the Tang Dynasty generally did not exceed 200. From the beginning of the 8th century, the number of missions increased greatly. For example, the three missions sent to the Tang Dynasty in 717, 733 and 838 all numbered more than 550 people. The contribution of the envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty should first be to introduce the laws and regulations of the Tang Dynasty, thereby promoting the innovation of Japan's social system. During the inspection and study in Chang'an, the envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty read a lot of books and were very hungry. After returning to China, they imitated the Tang Dynasty education system, opened various schools for teaching, and trained a large number of talents. The main cultural task of the envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty was to inspect, understand and introduce the Tang civilization. Due to the efforts of these envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty, Japan was deeply influenced by China in terms of politics, economy, military, culture, production technology and life style. Specifically, it is reflected in the following aspects. In terms of politics, instigated by people who had studied in the Tang Dynasty and returned to China, in 645, a political group with the princes of Zhongda brothers as the core launched a revolutionary coup in order to eradicate the increasingly arrogant Suga clan and changed the country's name to Dahua: an edict was issued The New Deal was implemented, a centralized imperial state was established, and the economic and political system was reformed after the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It was called "Dahua Reform" in history. Its main content is: to establish two officials, eight provinces, and one unit in the central government; to establish countries, counties, and li in the local areas, which are governed by national affairs ministers, county ministers, and li chiefs respectively; to abolish hereditary surnames; and to use the titles of ministers, lians, guozao, and companions of aristocratic surnames. etc., to formulate the official system and title system. The New Deal was based on the system of the Tang Dynasty and formulated the "Dabao Laws and Orders" and the "Elderly Care Laws and Orders", which confirmed the new feudal economic and political system by law. Japan imitated the system of the Sui and Tang Dynasties and reformed the official system from central to local governments. It also imitated the imperial examination system of the Sui and Tang Dynasties and adopted the method of selecting officials through examinations. At the same time, they also copied the Tang Dynasty's bantian system and rent-to-yong modulation, established a centralized political system, and completed the transition of Japanese society to a centralized state. In particular, the centralized political system modeled on the Tang Dynasty established a complete imperial bureaucracy. The establishment of the imperial bureaucracy had a profound impact on the Japanese political system in later generations. On the economic front, the land system was reformed. The "Law of Land Collection and Grant" was promulgated in imitation of the Tang Dynasty's taxation system, which stipulated that the people who were granted land must bear the taxation system. The promulgation of the "Bantian Collection and Grant Law" suppressed land annexation, lifted the enslavement of tribesmen by wealthy families, fixed farmers' tax and corvee burdens, and recognized the private rights of farmers' homesteads, gardens, and the use rights of mountains, forests, and swamps. These have greatly It has promoted the development of Japan's economy. With the deepening of reform, economic and political exchanges between China and Japan have become increasingly close. After the Taika Reform, major changes occurred in ancient Japanese social relations, and the rule of clans and slave owners finally collapsed. A political superstructure was established that opened the way for new relations of production. Japanese society has since transitioned into a traditional authoritarian society.

Of course, the influence of Tang Dynasty culture on Japan is more concentrated in the cultural aspect. Japan extensively absorbed Tang culture to improve the level of Japanese culture and art. Envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty returned with a full load each time, bringing with them a large number of Chinese Buddhist scriptures. Tang poetry and Chinese texts were read by both the government and the public. The poetry collections of famous poets such as Bai Juyi were widely circulated in Japan. Envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty also imported Tang Dynasty calligraphy, painting, sculpture, music, dance and other arts.

The spread of Tang culture relied not only on external factors, but also on the widely absorbed advantages of the Japanese. They were good at using the experiences of other countries to improve themselves. The Nara era was a new climax of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges and a new agricultural system. , the pantian system promoted the development of social productivity. Advanced agricultural technologies introduced from China were widely spread, and some advanced production tools were widely used; many of these tools were introduced from China, such as Cu Cuo, also known as " "Tang Chu", it was a large hoe introduced to China at that time. Because the Japanese learned from others' strengths, they benefited a lot in architecture, clothing, medicine, writing, etc. Today's Japan still retains some legacy of the Tang Dynasty, and nothing has the greatest impact on cultural exchanges than writing and language. The Japanese people used the phonetic notation of Chinese characters to create Japanese kana letters - katakana and hiragana, which greatly promoted the development of Japanese culture. At the same time, names such as "Tang Yu", "Tang Mo" and "Tang Mono" It appears in large numbers in Japanese language, greatly enriching Japanese vocabulary. At the same time, the spirit of Confucianism and Taoism also spread in Japan, deeply affecting Japanese culture and people's thinking. From the above, it can be said that most of Japanese civilization comes from the culture of the Tang Dynasty, so the relationship between Japan and China is inseparable, and Chinese culture has been deeply ingrained in Japanese history.

Historically, Japan absorbed a large amount of China's Tang culture over a period of more than 1,000 years. After the collapse of the Tokugawa regime in 1868 and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, Japan entered a period of "civilization and enlightenment". During this period, Japan introduced Western civilization according to the method of fully accepting Chinese culture 11 centuries ago, and achieved great results, laying the foundation for building a modern country. The formation and development of any culture are affected by many factors. Domestic and foreign history, as well as Buddhism, Confucianism and even Christianity have all played a role in Japanese culture. Japan is changing, but it has never truly broken away from its original culture. Ancient indigenous cultural roots. The above situation can be seen from many phenomena in Japanese society today. Nowadays, televisions, air conditioners, cars, computers, overseas vacations, etc. have penetrated deeply into ordinary Japanese families, and the surface of Japanese life has become unrecognizable. Despite this, behind the curtain of modernization there are still many things belonging to Japan's local culture. From a deep analysis, Japan is still a traditional country. For example, they like to eat raw and cold food and prefer the original taste; they like plain colors and natural tastes; they have strong family power, family consciousness and group consciousness; folk beliefs and witchcraft are particularly strong; Japanese men have promised to die generously The spirit of samurai; women's meekness and dependence on men; wanting to get rich, being able to get rich, but being at a loss after getting rich, etc., can all be traced back to China's Tang Dynasty culture. On the contrary, in its mother country, China, these cultural elements have declined to the point where they are almost impossible to find. As for the reason, I am afraid it can be attributed to the fact that Japanese cultural tradition has never been interrupted, while its cultural mother country, China, has been conquered and ruled by foreign races twice ( Yuan, Qing). Therefore, elements of Chinese culture are being lost locally, while in our close neighbor Japan, they are well preserved. This situation is somewhat like what Tao Yuanming described in "The Peach Blossom Poem": The Qin people escaped the war in the Peach Blossom Spring, so they are still alive. It can maintain the customs and habits of the Qin Dynasty. It is said that "the Ying family disrupts the order of the world, and wise men avoid their world. In Huangqi's Shangshan, the beautiful lady also passed away. The traces of the past are lost and forgotten, and the paths of the past are abandoned. Xiang ordered farming to be carried out, and the sun comes From here, mulberry trees and bamboos hang down, silkworms are harvested at any time, and the silkworms are harvested in autumn. The deserted roads are full of traffic, and the chickens and beans are still in ancient times. There are no new clothes. Losing the pursuit of the wilderness, is this what you call it?