The main types of folk songs and dances of my country’s ethnic minorities are:

Songs and dances in the Uyghur Sainaim and Twelve Muqams

Uyghur The people are famous for their ability to sing and dance, and there is a folk custom of holding various forms of "Maixilaipu" on a regular basis. "Maixilaipu" means party, which is often held on festivals, weekends or during the harvest season. Its types include Festival Maixilipu, Wedding Maixilipu, Harvest Maixilipu, Snow White Maixilipu and Outing Maixilipu. Xilaipu, etc., are held in spacious inner rooms, under the grape trellis outside the courtyard, in orchards, in suburban tree shades or on the grass by the river. During the gathering, people sit on the floor and usually play games such as passing bowls of flowers, wine glasses, and belts. Sometimes they also guess riddles, recite poems, or sing Muqam, but the main content is dancing Sainaim.

Sainaim is widely popular in various Uyghur regions in Xinjiang. Sainaim music in different regions has different characteristics. In order to distinguish it, people give Sainaim place names, such as Kashgar Sainaim, Ili Sainaim, Hami Sainaim, etc. During the performance, everyone sits on the floor in a circle, with the band in one corner and the dancers in the circle. There are one person dancing solo, two people dancing in duet, and three or five people dancing together. The dancers do not sing, but the audience claps and sings the harmony. Sainaim's music consists of many songs and dances, starting at medium speed, getting faster in the middle, and finally turning to fast speed and ending in a climax. Most of the content of songs and dances expresses love life. In addition to singing songs and dances familiar to the masses, they also improvised new lyrics using old tunes to describe the joyful scenes at that time. Accompanying instruments include tambourine, sabayi, four stones, plucked plucked instrument, dutar, hotwap, flute, dulcimer, etc.

Muqam means "big song" and is a comprehensive large-scale suite including songs, dances and instrumental music, performed by folk musicians at festivals and entertainment evenings. According to research, Muqam was created and accumulated by many well-known and unknown singers and artists during the long-term historical development process, and absorbed the music culture of other ethnic groups. It became popular in all parts of Xinjiang in the 15th century.

There are many types of Muqam in various parts of Xinjiang, with different tunes and structures. The structure of Muqam in southern Xinjiang is the most typical.

There are 12 sets of Muqam in Southern Xinjiang. The music structure of each set consists of four parts:

1) Muqam’s deep emotional Sanban preface and rhythm Free, phrases vary in length.

2) Qionai'ema means "big song" and consists of a number of recitative songs and dance songs.

3) Dastan originally means "narrative poem", that is, narrative song. It consists of three or four songs with complete interludes between them.

4) Maixi Lapu consists of 3-6 dance songs.

The Twelve Muqams of Southern Xinjiang have more than 170 songs and more than 70 instrumental pieces. Singing forms include solo singing, duet singing and chorus singing, and the scales, modes, rhythms and beats used are rich and diverse. The accompaniment instruments include satal, plucked plucked instrument, dutar, hotwap, aijek, karon, tambourine, etc.

Tibetan "harmony" and "zhuo"

Tibetan folk songs and dances mainly fall into two categories: self-entertainment and performance. "Xie" generally refers to the self-entertainment collective songs and dances spread in the vast farming and pastoral villages and towns, including:

1) "Guozhuo" is commonly known as Guozhuang, which means circle singing and dancing. The dance is vigorous and powerful, and simulates the movements of animals. The structure of the music is divided into two parts: slow song and dance and allegro song and dance. It starts slowly, jumps faster and faster, and ends in a passionate mood.

2) "Xie" means Xianzi dance, so named because the lead dancer dances while playing the Xianzi. Xianzi is a self-made musical instrument similar to the Huqin made by the Tibetan people. The barrel is made of ox horn or a whole piece of wood, and the sound is rich and loud. Every festival, a person stands at the front of the queue playing a string instrument and leads the crowd to sing and dance with their sleeves waved. The team forms a circle and marches clockwise. After the lead dancer sings or plays a song, everyone takes over, singing and dancing.

3) "Dui Xie" "Dui" is the Tibetan name for the Lazi, Dingri, and Ngari areas on the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. "Dui Xie" refers to the dance in the area that is similar to Xie. Later, this dance It was introduced to Lhasa, Qamdo, Garze and other places, and gradually evolved into a form of tap dance with the rhythm of the feet, and professional artists appeared. Because it is most popular in Lhasa, it is also called Lhasa tap dance. Performers often dance on a wooden board with complex steps and changing rhythms.

Initially, Duixue was only accompanied by Zhamunie (a six-stringed Tibetan plucked instrument). Later, it developed into a small band composed of six-stringed qin, dulcimer, flute, jinghu, etc. The musical structure of Duixue consists of five parts: prelude - slow song section - interlude - fast song section - postlude. The melody is beautiful and pleasant, and the ending often switches to the fifth tone below, which is very distinctive.

"Zhuo" generally refers to group dances with strong performance. This kind of dance emphasizes technical performance, singing without dancing, and dancing without singing. There are two most representative types of "Zhuo":

1) "Reba Zhuo" is a comprehensive performing art including bell drumming, miscellaneous music and folk songs and dances. Most of the performers are wandering artists. The performance begins First, you have to say something to the audience to praise auspiciousness and show off your skills. Then the men hold copper bells and the women hold flat drums with handles, beating and dancing at the same time. When the number of spectators increases, the venue will be opened for skill performances.

2) "Zhuoxue" is mostly performed on ceremonial occasions during festive festivals. Dancers often tie a string of bells on their knees or waists and carry flat round waist drums to sing and dance. The performance is roughly divided into three sections. The first section is a simple dance, with the rhythm from slow to fast, drumming, jumping, changing formations, and interspersed with drumming performances. The bell tied to the body makes a sound as it jumps. The second section is a disciple's song, the lyrics are blessings for good luck and good luck. The third section is singing while beating drums, and ends with bowing.

Farm music and dance and long drum dance of the Korean people

Nong music and dance are a reflection of the farming life of the Korean people. They are self-entertainment collective dances, including plot performances and skill performances. The dance team usually consists of 29 people. The leader holds a big flag with the words "Farmers are the foundation of the world". Everyone plays small gongs, small drums and flutes, sings and dances forward, and simulates sowing seeds, watering and supporting seedlings in the farmland. , cutting rice and other actions. Later, characters such as officials, hunters, peasant women, and dancing boys were added, as well as independent dance sections such as small gong dance, long drum dance, mask dance, hunting dance, and elephant hat dance. Among them, the elephant hat dance is the most distinctive. The dancers wear special bamboo hats with two long and short streamers on their heads. They dance by spinning the streamers while beating the snare drum, spinning faster and faster, leading the dance to a climax. The music of the farm music and dance are mostly Korean folk songs "Doraji" (i.e. "Platycodon Ballad"), "Arirang", etc. The accompaniment instruments include long drums, Dharma drums, snare drums, small gongs, flutes, suonas, Taipingxiao etc.

The long drum is a Korean folk instrument and a dance prop of the long drum. The long drum is a wooden double-sided drum with a thin middle and trumpet-shaped ends. The performer holds a thin bamboo mallet in his right hand to hit the treble drum head on the right side of the long drum, and slaps the bass drum head with his left hand. Changgu dance is mostly a solo or duet dance for women. The dancers dance while beating the drums. The rich dance vocabulary is combined with the drum beats of different heights and patterns to form the unique charm of Changgu dance. The accompaniment instruments of the long drum include suona, flute, round drum, gong, flute, etc., and the music includes Korean folk songs "Doraji", "Arirang", Tiaiyang Mountain Road, etc.

"Axi Jumping on the Moon" of the Yi people

People usually call the Yi people living in Maitreya, Xuanliang and Kunming areas of Yunnan "Axi". It is said that during the era of slash-and-burn cultivation, the Axi people often worked barefoot on the land that was still burning after the ashes were burnt. When their feet were burned by the fire, they jumped up and kept shouting: "Tsk, tsk, tsk, tsk, tsk, tsk!" , people imitate this movement and dance happily after work. All men, women, old and young in Axi love to dance. And because young men and women often like to dance under the moonlight, it is called "Axi dancing on the moon". During the dance, men play the sanxian and piccolo, while women dance in a circle and clap their hands to the beat. When the dance reaches its climax, the dancers move enthusiastically while playing, singing and dancing.

The accompaniment of "Axi Dancing on the Moon" is mainly the big sanxian, accompanied by bamboo flute, erhu and small sanxian. The music is a mean beat.

Peacock Dance and Elephant Foot Dance of the Dai People;

The Dai people who live in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan are good at singing and dancing. During the Water Splashing Festival or during the harvest season, singing and dancing go on all night long, which is known as "the millet is yellow and the Dai people are crazy". The dances of the Dai people can be divided into several types:

1) Simulated dances mostly simulate animals, such as peacock dance, white elephant dance, butterfly dance, fish dance, monkey dance, etc.; ,

2) Life dance expresses working life, such as boating dance, fish fishing dance, flower picking dance, etc.;

3) Self-entertainment dance is a collective dance performed in festivals or other festive activities, such as Cantonese dance. Dance, elephant foot dance, etc.;

4) Ceremonial dances such as palace dance, sacrificial dance, fan dance, etc.;

5) Songs and dances such as Twelve Horses, Kanan Yan, etc. The most popular folk dances among the Dai people are peacock dance, elephant foot dance and light dance.

In Dai language, peacock dance is called "Jia Luo Yong", "Ga Lang Luo", "Fan Nan Nuo", etc. It has different names such as golden peacock dance, green peacock dance, peacock princess dance and peacock prop dance. Name, collectively known as peacock dance. The Dai people regard the peacock as a symbol of good luck and dance the peacock dance to express their wishes and ideals.

Peacock dance has different forms such as solo dance, duet dance, and group dance. In the past, all peacock dancers were men, and there were also folk artists who performed peacock dance specifically for toasts. In Ruili, Menglian, Gengma, Mengding and other areas of Yunnan Province, almost every village has many peacock dance experts and full-time artists. During major festivals or grand gatherings, peacock dance performers wear pagoda masks and clothes with peacock feather patterns on their heads, and imitate peacocks with the accompaniment of elephant drums, gongs, cymbals, and cymbals. Going down the mountain, peeping in the forest, walking in the forest, drinking from the spring and playing in the water, fluttering the wings and spreading the tail. The dancer's steps are light and the hand shapes are changeable. The typical "crown-shaped" hand shape resembles a peacock head. Each movement of the peacock dance is accompanied by corresponding drum beats, and there is a relatively complete drum score.

The elephant foot drum is a percussion instrument. It is named because the drum is shaped like an elephant foot and there is a legend that the drum was made after the elephant foot. Elephant foot dance is a men's dance. The dancers carry elephant foot drums with bunches of peacock feathers stuck in the tails of the drums, and they dance while beating the drums. There are many ways to play the elephant foot drum. You can hit the rim and heart of the drum. You can hit it with one, two or four fingers. You can also hit it with one hand, both hands or fists, palms and elbows. You can also kick it with your toes and heels. . The drum beats are complex and varied, and various drum sounds can be struck. In the elephant foot dance, the elephant and the peacock are inseparable, which is a symbol of good fortune and happiness in the hearts of the Dai people.

Pstress music of the Gaoshan people

The Gaoshan people mainly live in the mountainous areas of Taiwan and Zhangzhou, Fujian. They have a form of folk song and dance that is mainly popular among the Cao and Bunun people near Sun Moon Lake. District and Zhangzhou area in Fujian Province.

As night falls, women of the Gaoshan tribe gather to rest next to the stone mortar, a rice-pounding instrument. Someone sang a beautiful song. Accompanied by the singing, the dancers held a long pestle as tall as a person and danced around the stone mortar in the middle. Sometimes they move left and right, sometimes they spin the pestle, and sometimes they pound the stone mortar. The pleasant sound of knocking on the stone mortar and the singing produce a harmonious sound.