Huanxi Sha

Su Shi

Jujube flowers fall from rustling clothes and towels, and the sound of reeling wheels is heard in the south and north of the village. Niu Yigu Liu sells cucumbers. /

I am tired of drinking and want to sleep after a long journey. I am thirsty and thinking about tea. I knock on the door and ask questions about the wild people. (The first film describes the scenery, the second film is lyrical)

Notes

This article is about the author’s feelings on the way to "Xie Yu". The first film describes the scene, the second film is lyrical. It should be pointed out that the scene described in this poem is not a unified picture formed through visual images in general, but a scene reflected on the screen of the poet's consciousness through various different sounds transmitted to the ear drum. A series of continuous memories. Now, let us follow the author's conscious activities to experience the conception process of this poem.

The author was on the "Xie Yu Road". After a long journey, coupled with the lingering drunkenness, the sun was high and the person was sleepy, so he was inevitably a little tired. Suddenly, a "la lai" sound came to my ears, and it seemed like something was hitting my body and headscarf. Only then did he realize: it was a jujube flower falling on him. Then, there was another squeaking sound in my ears. The further we walked, the stronger the sound became. It came from the south, from the north, and from all directions. There was no need to look or ask. This was the sound of the reeling car that the author was familiar with. sound. From the sound, the author realized that he had entered the village. At this time, a sudden burst of shouting came into my ears. I looked closely and saw that it was a farmer wearing a "cow jacket" sitting in the shade of an ancient willow tree with a pile of cucumbers in front of him... In just three sentences, the seasonal characteristics of the countryside, the working life in the village and the poverty in the countryside are all exposed to varying degrees and vividly reflected.

The next part is about the author’s feelings and consciousness. "Drunk and sleepy after a long journey" is a supplement to the previous film. Structurally, this sentence is a flashback, which shows that the first three sentences were written from an auditory perspective, mainly because the drunkenness was still there, the journey was long, and the body was tired, so what was written down was just a snippet that was heard in a sleepy state. , is not a complete and unified picture of visual composition. The two sentences "The sun rises and people are thirsty", although they describe the conscious activities of eager to find water at farmers' homes due to thirst, they also reflect the author's informal and happy-go-lucky character. It seems that Su Shi does not have much airs as a governor, and he is not too far away from the farmers. Reading such words will make people feel real and friendly, and they can smell the atmosphere of rural life at that time. This poem is different from the previous poem. It mainly writes about the fragmentary feelings of the author during the journey. Its focus is not to reflect the poverty in rural areas. Since the rain came after the disaster and the drought was lifted, the author's joy was much stronger than before.

This poem pays attention to the refinement of words and sentences without revealing any traces. For example, some critics believe that placing these two words at the beginning of a sentence is "syntactic inversion". In fact, the author's purpose is to emphasize the sound of "zaohua" falling on "clothes and towels", and it is consistent with the meaning of "syntactic inversion". Requirements, rather than writing down the form. It is precisely because these two words are placed at the "beginning of the sentence" that the author knows that the jujube flower has fallen on him from the sound of "rustling". In addition, the words "luo", "xiang", "man" and "knock" are also used flexibly and appropriately.

Huanxi Sha

Su Shi

Visit Qishui Qingquan Temple, the temple is near Lanxi River, and the stream flows west1.

At the foot of the mountain, orchid buds dip into the stream, and the sandy road among the pines is clear of mud.2. / Xiao Xiao Mu Yuzi Gui Ciao 3.

Who said there is no less in life? The running water in front of the door can still be west 4! Stop singing yellow chicken with gray hair 5.

Notes

1. Qishui, the name of the county, is now Xishui Town, Hubei Province. At that time, I traveled with the doctor Pang Anshi (also known as Anchang), and I found "Shu Qingquan Temple Ci" in the third volume of "Dongpo's Inscriptions and Postscripts".

2. Bai Juyi's "Luobin on March 3rd": "The sand road is moist and has no mud."

3. Xiao Xiao Muyu, Bai Juyi's "Send to Yin Xielu Poems" self-note: "The lyrics of Wu Erniang's song in the south of the Yangtze River say, 'Xiao Xiao Muyu Lang will not return'." Zigui, a cuckoo bird, is said to be the ancient Shu emperor Du Yu It is transformed into the soul of Du Yu, also known as "Du Yu". It has a sad and shrill sound, which is often used in poems to express the thoughts of traveling.

4. This sentence should be realistic. But "in front of the door" and so on, there are also origins. "Old Book of Tang" Volume 19 "The Biography of Yi Xing" by Fang Ji said that there was an old monk in Guoji Temple in Tiantai Mountain who knew how to make fortunes. He said: "The water in front of the door is flowing to the west, and the disciples are also coming." The group went in to ask for help. , "But the fruits in front of the door flow westward."

5. Bai Juyi's "Drunken Song": "Who knows how to make you understand the song? Listen to the singing of the yellow rooster and the daytime. The yellow rooster crows to remind you of the dawn, and the daytime reminds you of the new year. The waist is red. The ribbon is not yet stable, and the beauty in the mirror has been lost." Here the meaning is used instead, that is, don’t hurt yourself with gray hair and lament aging.

Appreciation

This poem was written in the spring of the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082). At that time, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) because of the "Wutai Poetry Case" Deputy envoy of regiment training. This was a major blow to Su Shi's political career, but this poem showed an optimistic spirit in the face of adversity.

The upper column describes the natural scenery. The first two sentences describe the early spring, when orchid grass begins to grow by the stream, and the paths along the stream are clean and mud-free, creating a scene full of vitality. But it ends with the sad cry of cuckoos in the dusk rain. The sound of Zigui reminded pedestrians to "go back", which gave the scenery a somewhat sad color.

Xia Qian's writing changed. He no longer fell into the melancholy caused by Zigui's cry, but picked up his strokes. As the saying goes, "Flowers bloom again, and people are no longer young." The passage of time is like water flowing eastward and cannot be saved. However, there are always surprises in the world. "The water flowing in front of the door can still reach the west" is not only a real scene in front of you, but also a hidden Buddhist allusion. Water flowing in the east can also flow back to the west, so why should we mourn in vain for our old age? It seems simple, but it is worth recalling. The first volume of "Ci Jie" said: "Po Gong's rhyme is high, so his simple words are also extraordinary."

The whole poem is filled with an upward attitude towards life, but the sub-guidance at the end of the sentence is The cry faintly reflects the poet's situation, and also shows the value of the optimistic attitude in the poem. Therefore, Chen Tingzhuo's "Bai Yuzhai Ci Hua" said: "The more melancholy, the more heroic, the more loyal, the more I am fascinated."