In ancient Chinese, sentences generally need the help of interrogative words before they can be questioned.

Sometimes interrogative pronouns are used, sometimes interrogative modal particles are used, and sometimes both are used. For example, who says otherwise? (Zuo Zhuan Yin A.D.) How will you use it? (The Analects of Confucius Ji Shi) Who is the master? (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Zi) Do you see the master? (The Analects of Confucius) Who is at fault? (The Analects of Confucius Ji Shi) In ancient Chinese, the interrogative pronoun object in the interrogative sentence must also be placed in front of the verb.

for example: who am I bullying? Bullying the sky? (The Analects of Confucius Zi Han) If a fellow countryman is one year older than Brother Bo, who will respect him? Yue: To Brother Jing. (Mencius Gaozishang) (Compare the positions of the objects in the verb-object structure of "who deceives" and "who deceives heaven", "who respects" and "respects brother". )

what is the punishment for giving? (The Analects of Confucius, Gongye Chang) If you are rich, why not? (The Analects of Confucius Zilu) Wei Jun waits for his son to govern, and the son will be the first? (The Analects of Confucius Zilu) Where is Liang Ke Xin Yuan Yan 'an? (Zhao Ce, Warring States Policy) Who dares to complain if I am really incompetent? (Zuo Chuancheng became a public official for three years) If two countries are good, who dares to be virtuous if I am not in harmony with them? (ditto) The first and second examples are the most enlightening. The interrogative pronoun as the object is in front of the verb, not the interrogative pronoun. Sometimes, there is an auxiliary verb in front of the verb, and the interrogative pronoun object is placed in front of the auxiliary verb, as in the last two examples mentioned above.

when interrogative pronouns are used as the object of prepositions, they are also restricted by this law, and they must also be placed in front of prepositions. For example: the people are enough, who is the monarch and the shortage? The people are not enough, who is better than you? (The Analects of Confucius, Yan Yuan) Why don't you stay in this besieged city for a long time? (Warring States Policy, Zhao Ce) How do you know that I can also? (Mencius Liang Hui Wang Shang) What can a big car do if it has no roof and a small car has no roof? (The Analects of Confucius is the government) Zi Gui, why did you report me? (Zuo Chuancheng Gong for three years) If you are not old, why are there people? If you have no people, how can you have a gentleman? The word order of prepositional object, an interrogative pronoun in ancient Chinese, has always been observed by later generations of ancient Chinese writers.

For example, the book of Dongye and the newspaper of Geng Lan, why are they on my side? (Han Yu: Sacrificing Twelve Lang Wen) Hey! Weiss, who are we going home with? (Fan Zhongyan: The Story of Yueyang Tower) What is the right time instead of the fast one? (Su Zhe: The Story of Kuaizai Pavilion in Huangzhou) The rules of interrogative pronoun prepositional object are stricter than those of negative pronoun prepositional object, so there are basically no exceptions. Only "He Ru" is said to be "How", which seems to be an exception. In fact, both word orders appeared in ancient Chinese.

in the pre-Qin era, they were already a solidified form, meaning "how", "how" or "how to do it". For example, how about being as good as not being a valley? (Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong for four years) How can you not be hurt before you die? (Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong twenty-two years) Everyone in the countryside is good, so what? (The Analects of Confucius Zilu) I heard that the fear of the north is also sympathetic. What is the sincerity? (Warring States Policy, Chu Ce) What about pot calling the kettle black? (Mencius Liang Hui Wang Shang) What is your majesty like Hou Zhoubo? (Historical Records, Biographies of Zhang Shizhi and Feng Tang) There are still sayings of "He Ru", "He Ruo" and "What to do" in ancient books (meaning is the same as "He Ru" and "How to"), but they are not said to be "He Nai".

For example, what if I return to Qin to show my ambition to be widowed? (Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong thirty-three years) What is the difference between beauty and evil? (Chapter 2 of Laozi) What will happen? (Warring States Policy, Zhao Ce) What will happen to Qin's claim to be emperor? (ditto) What can Mr. Wang do to help? (ditto) Meng Changjun said, "What about the city?" (Warring States Policy Qi Ce) In ancient times, there were "such as".

what ""if.

why ""nai.

He's statement, in which pronouns, nouns or other words are inserted, means "Ba (right).

how (how) ". For example, if you are hungry in the past year, what is the shortage? (The Analects of Confucius, Yan Yuan) What if you accept my money and don't fake my way? (Gu Liangchuan Xi Gong for two years) With your strength, you can't damage the hill of the chief father, such as the King's House in Taihang. (Liezi Tang asked) The Duke of Jin said to Qing Zheng, "What if you are too deep?" (Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong fifteen years) When you pull up the mountain, you will be angry, but when it is unfavorable, you will never die! What can I do if I don't die? Worry! Worry! What about nai? (Historical Records, Biography of Xiang Yu) ("Nairuhe" means "Nairuhe". )

When Chen Wenzi saw Cui Wuzi, he said, "What will you do?" (Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong twenty-three years) If you can't be right, what is the right person? (The Analects of Confucius Zilu) In ancient Chinese, "as you are" and "as you are" are also a solidified form, sometimes used in front of verbs to express rhetorical questions and translated into "how"; Sometimes used at the end of an inquiry sentence, translated as "how". For example, if I am not virtuous, people will refuse me, so how can I refuse others? (The Analects of Confucius, Zi Zhang) How can you defeat your monarch with illness? (Zuo Chuancheng became a public for two years) What's the matter? Weigh according to its mu.

(The Book of Songs Qifeng Nanshan) interrogative words can be divided into two categories: the first category is interrogative pronouns, and the second category is interrogative modal particles. Now describe them separately.

(1) interrogative pronouns (1) The word "who", like the word "who" in modern Chinese, refers to people's interrogative pronouns. For example, Meng Changjun blamed it and said, "Who is this?" (Warring States Policy, Qi Ce) and travel thousands of miles, who doesn't know? (Thirty-two years of Zuo Zhuan's Xi Gong) If you are a vassal of Germany and Sui, who dares to refuse? The word "which" often means choice.

it can refer to people or things. For example, Ai Gong asked, "Who is a disciple who is eager to learn?" (The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye) Zi Gong asked: "Which is better, a teacher or a businessman?" (The Analects of Confucius, Advanced) Which is better, my son or Zilu? (Mencius gongsun ugly) (above refers to people. )

who is happy, alone or with others? (Mencius Liang Hui Wang Xia) (Are you having fun alone or listening to music with everyone? The first and third word "Le" is pronounced yuè, and the rest word "Le" is pronounced lè. ) What's more important, ceremony or food? (Mencius, Gao Zi Xia) Which is more beautiful? (Mencius devoted himself) (the above refers to things. )

when the word "which" is used to refer to people, it also does not mean choice; At this time, it is no different from the word "who". On the contrary, the word "He" can occasionally indicate choice.

for example: who can replace it? (Zuo Chuan Xiang Gong for three years) Who can be the biggest? (The Analects of Confucius Advanced) Who is the master? (The Analects of Confucius, Weizi) Which comes first? (The Analects of Confucius Yan Yuan) The word "who" can be used in the first three examples, and it seems that the word "who" should be used in the last example, but the word "who" is generally not used as the direct object, so it is used. 2. What are the interrogative words in classical Chinese? Please give their definitions. Thank you.

1. The interrogative pronouns referring to people-"who" and "who"

"who" are mainly used for general questions.

"which" is often used in choice questions, and generally has a antecedent meaning "which". "Which" means not only people, but also things or places.

the usage of "who" is basically the same as that of modern Chinese, so here are no examples.

"which" means which ".For example,

" Which is more beautiful, Xu Gong or me? " -which one is more beautiful than Xu Gong and me?

"which is more important, gift or food?" Which is more important, etiquette or food?

"which" is often used with the preposition "and" to form a fixed combination of "which and" to express comparison.

"Who is with" is used in a sentence to roughly mean "Compared with …, which is more …". For example:

"Who am I or Xu Gongmei?" -which is more beautiful than Xu Gong and me?

Sometimes the content of comparison has already appeared in the above, so there is no need to compare the content in the sentence, such as:

"Who is the monarch, the material and the minister?" The content of comparison does not appear in this sentence, which roughly means, which one do you think is better than Shun?

Sometimes, the result of the comparison of "who is with" is clear, and it is often used in rhetorical questions. Actually, it is no longer a question, but can be translated as "where is comparable". For example:

"Praise it from heaven, which is better than using it to control the destiny!" -obeying nature and praising it is better than controlling the laws of nature and using it.

"If you just sit and wait for death, which is it?" -instead of sitting and waiting to be destroyed, where can you compare with attacking it?

2. interrogative pronouns referring to things-"He", "Hu", "Die" and "Xi".

Among these interrogative pronouns, "He" has the highest usage rate and a wide range of grammatical functions.

"why are you so expensive?" -"He" acts as the subject.

"yue:' what is it?' "-"He "acts as a predicate.

"what's your majesty doing here?" -"He" acts as a prepositional object.

"Why doesn't Xu Zi cultivate?" -"He" acts as an adverbial to ask why.

"What does Jiang hate?" -"He" acts as an attribute.

"Hu", "Die" and "Xi" are often used as adverbials, sometimes combined with prepositions, to ask the reason, time or place, etc.

"It's a long day, isn't it extreme?" Asking the time is equivalent to saying "when".

"Is Zi Xi riding a car?" -"Xi" asks the reason, which is equivalent to "why".

"Hu Wei lived in this besieged city for a long time and didn't go?" -"Hu" and the preposition "Wei" are combined to act as adverbials and ask why. "Hu Wei" means "why".

"Do you know what it is?" -"Xi" and the preposition "Yi" are combined to act as adverbials, meaning "Why".

3. interrogative pronouns referring to places-"An", "Evil" and "Yan". It is mainly used as an adverbial to ask about the place, which is equivalent to "where" in modern Chinese. It can also be used as a rhetorical question, as an adverbial, to strengthen the rhetorical tone.

"Is Pei Gongan there?" -"An" acts as the prepositional object of "In". "In" means "where".

"The evil lies in being the people's parents?" -"Evil" acts as the prepositional object of "being", and "Evil is" means "where". This sentence means that where does he behave as the parents of ordinary people?

"and how to put earth and stone?" -"Where to put it" means "Where to put it". 3. What are the interrogative pronouns in classical Chinese?

Interrogative pronouns: According to the object of inquiry, interrogative pronouns in ancient Chinese can be divided into three categories.

(1) refers to people. There is "who, who". A "who" is used in general questions and can be used as the predicate of subject, object, attribute, language and judgment sentences. B "which" is used to choose questions, usually with antecedents. Such as: "Who is more beautiful, Xu Gong and me?" Translated as "which one", it is generally only used as the subject. It can also refer to things and places. Comparison of "Who and Jie" table: for example, "Who am I and Xu Gongmei?" ; Used in rhetorical questions, it means affirmative: "just sit and wait for death, which is the right one?" There is a meaning of "where to compare".

(2) refers to things. There are "He, Hu, Xi and Di". "He": the subject, the object, the determination and the judgment. A is often used to ask the reasons or methods, such as: "Why not cultivate Xu Zi?" Translated as "what" and "why"; B ask about the place, such as "what does the son want?" Translated as "where". "Hu, Xi, Die" is often used as an adverbial to ask the reason, which is equivalent to "why" or "how", such as "Is Zi Xi riding a car?" ; B They are also often used as prepositions of prepositional object, such as "Hu Wei" and "Li Wei", asking why. C "Xi Yi" inquiry method.

(3) refers to the premises. There are "security, evil and ambiguity".

a they are mainly used as adverbials to ask about places. It is equivalent to the modern "where". Such as "how to place earth and stone?" ; B can also be used as a prepositional object to ask about the place. Such as "Pei Gongan is there?" C can also be used as a rhetorical question, as an adverbial, to strengthen the rhetorical tone. Similar to "where". D "Yan" is blurred after being used in rhetorical questions, and it no longer refers to the place. For example, "Today, Fu loves his son, but An can love Jun?" 4. what are the interrogative pronouns in classical Chinese?

interrogative pronouns: according to the object of inquiry referred by interrogative pronouns, interrogative pronouns in ancient Chinese can be divided into three categories.

(1) refers to people. There is "who, who".

a "who" is used in general questions and can be used as the predicate of subject, object, attribute, language and judgment sentences. B "which" is used to choose questions, usually with antecedents.

For example, "Who is more beautiful, Xu Gong or me?" Translated as "which one", it is generally only used as the subject. It can also refer to things and places.

Comparison of "Who and Jie" tables: For example, "Who am I and Xu Gongmei?" ; Used in rhetorical questions, it means affirmative: "just sit and wait for death, which is the right one?" There is a meaning of "where to compare".

(2) refers to things. There are "He, Hu, Xi and Di".

"He": the subject, the object, the determination and the judgment. A is often used to ask the reason or method, for example, "Why doesn't Xu Zi cultivate?" Translated as "what" and "why"; B ask about the place, such as "what does the son want?" Translated as "where". "Hu, Xi, Die" is often used as an adverbial to ask the reason, which is equivalent to "why" or "how", such as "Is Zi Xi riding a car?" ; B They are also often used as prepositions of prepositional object, such as "Hu Wei" and "Li Wei", asking why.

c "Xi yi" inquiry method. (3) refers to the premises.

there are "security, evil and ambiguity". A They are mainly used as adverbials to ask about places.

it is equivalent to the modern "where". Such as "how to place earth and stone?" ; B can also be used as a prepositional object to ask about the place.

for example, "Is Pei Gongan here?" C can also be used as a rhetorical question, as an adverbial, to strengthen the rhetorical tone. Similar to "where".

d "Yan" is used as a rhetorical question, and it is empty, so it no longer refers to the place. For example, "Today, Fu loves his son, but An can love Jun?" . 5. interrogative pronouns in classical Chinese

interrogative pronouns: according to the object of inquiry referred to by interrogative pronouns, interrogative pronouns in ancient Chinese can be divided into three categories.

(1) refers to people. There is "who, who".

a "who" is used in general questions and can be used as the predicate of subject, object, attribute, language and judgment sentences. B "which" is used to choose questions, usually with antecedents.

For example, "Who is more beautiful, Xu Gong or me?" Translated as "which one", it is generally only used as the subject. It can also refer to things and places.

Comparison of "Who and Jie" tables: For example, "Who am I and Xu Gongmei?" ; Used in rhetorical questions, it means affirmative: "just sit and wait for death, which is the right one?" There is a meaning of "where to compare".

(2) refers to things. There are "He, Hu, Xi, Di" and so on.

"He": master, object, determination and judgment. A is often used to ask E68A 84E8A 2AD 7A 686964616F31333333363164 for reasons or methods, such as, "Why doesn't Xu Zi cultivate?" Translated as "what" and "why"; B ask about the place, such as "what does the son want?" Translated as "where".

"Hu, Xi and Yi" is often used as an adverbial to ask the reason, which is equivalent to "why" or "how", such as "Is Zi Xi riding a car?" ; B They are also often used as prepositions of prepositional object, such as "Hu Wei" and "Li Wei", asking why. c