Africa has a vast territory, diverse ethnic groups, and the impact of foreign cultures brought about by its complicated colonial history, making it a great treasure of world music. In Central and West Africa, because the power of the Malian Empire spread to many countries from the 13th to the 16th century, the oral history tradition undertaken by griot

jali appeared in many countries in Central and West Africa. The form of historical ballads in which the kora, xylophone, and one-finger harp are the main instruments has also become a great source of new ballads today. Moreover, the export of black slaves directly affected the foundation of today's blues music (blues). The ceremonial talking drum playing of the Yoruba tribe spread further to Latin America and became the distant ancestor of today's Cuban son music and other forms. The East African coast area developed another system of music using the trading language Swahili as a medium. Both Say's soukous and Kenyan benga are influenced by Latin American music and church harmony systems. The strong feature is the integration of thumb piano fingering into guitar playing, making East African guitar music unique. Uganda and Burundi have the same origin and have a strong court music background. To this day, their royal drum corps is still a great and amazing performance. Cameroon (Cameroon) Cameroon is located on the west coast of Central Africa. Bamilike, Fulani, and Kirdi are the largest ethnic groups in the country. In the southern forest, there are 6,500 Baka Pygmy people who live in Cameroon. They are the early residents of Cameroon. Cameroonians often say that their contemporary music is a microcosm of Africa. It not only makes extensive use of mbira, talking drum, and balafon as instruments, but also uses Western accordion, rich church harmony music and music. * music. The most influential contemporary pop music is makossa, a kind of urban swing music. Another important popular style is bikutsi. It originates from the war song of the Beti tribe. It is accompanied by gourd rattles, drums and xylophones. It is mixed with a lot of slang and explores the joys, sorrows and joys of life, and even sexual life and erotic fantasies. The band that pushed bikutsi music into the international music scene was Les Tetes Brulees, which used plug-in guitars and electric basses to combine traditional bikutsi music, South Africa's mbaqanga, Say's soukous, and Zimbabwe's jit jive. As for the music of the Baka dwarfs in Cameroon, in recent years, due to the active research of several ethnomusicologists (Louis Sarno, Colin Turnbull, Jean-Pierre Hallet), its complex and beautiful polyphony has been promoted to the world, and then the British Fusion Orchestra Baka Beyond and the Belgian best-selling girl group Zap Mama also make extensive use of Baka's polyphonic music. The word "Baka" has become a popular word in the world music circle. Mali Kingdom (Mali) Between 1240 and 1500 AD, the Mali Empire expanded its power to most of West Africa. Today's Guinea, Mali, and Senegal are all influenced by Mali's manding music group. In the traditional music of Mali and Guinea, griot (or jali) music plays an important role. Historians are a special class of society. They are recorders of oral history, singers of hymns, commentators, court admonishers, and ceremony hosts. Historians passed it down from generation to generation and were supported by kings and nobles. They are also the most important music inheritors of the entire culture. Common musical instruments are the one-stringed harp, xylophone and kora. The singers who adopt the style of historical music and are most familiar to international fans include Ali Farka Toure, Salif Keita, Toumani Diabate, etc.

After the 1980s, another form of music appeared in the Wassoulou area of ??Mali. There were no official singers in this area. The music came from the tradition of hunter songs, with a five-note scale and the use of a six-string harp such as kamalengoni as the main accompaniment instrument. The main singer is a woman. The most familiar singer is Oumou Sangare. Senegal is located on the northwest coast of Africa. Its early music was influenced by the Mali Empire, with the kora as the focus. During World War II, Cuban dance music rhythms became popular in the capital, and the so-called Afro-Cuban music style developed. Star Band of Dakar and Orchestra of Baobao were the leading orchestras at that time. Since the 1970s, musician Youssou N'Dour has combined traditional Wolof drumming mbung mbung, Afro-Cuban music, American pop music, and sweet black funk music sentiments to create the so-called mbalax music. Becoming one of the most influential contemporary music forms in Senegal. Another internationally renowned singer from Senegal is Baaba Maal. His music is divided into two styles. One is pure original sound, traditional African instruments, and adheres to the style of a historical singer. Another style combines Afro-Cuban and electronic dance music to form a new listening experience. Nigeria is located on the west coast of Africa. The three largest ethnic groups are Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo. The drumming music of the Yoruba ethnic group (especially the talking drum, which can adjust the pitch to imitate the tonal language) was exported by black slaves and traveled across the ocean to Cuba, having a great influence on the face of Cuban music today. Nigeria’s contemporary music is dominated by juju, fuji and Afro-Beat. Juju music is the contemporary pop music of the Yoruba people in Nigeria, formerly known as "palm-wine music". Early features of juju music were the use of guitars, banjos, or any readily available string instruments, and calabash percussion instruments. Tunde Nightingale, the first juju music superstar, wore strings of beads around the waist of the backing singer, which made a clanging sound when dancing and became an additional percussion instrument. In the mid-term, IK Dairo added electric guitar, accordion, and "talking drum" guan guan to juju music. After the 1980s, King Sunny Ade's juju music organization has become as large as a Western orchestra, often with more than 24 people, using at least four guitars, several keyboard instruments, Hawaiian guitars, plus a large organization of traditional percussion instruments and modern For drum music, most works are at least twenty minutes long. Fuji music was first created in the 1960s. Its name is taken from Mount Fuji in Japan. The music combines the traditional Yoruba hymn Apala, the traditional dance music Sakara played by small pottery urn drums or bamboo drums, and the Were music sung during Ramadan. It doesn't use any string instruments other than a Hawaiian guitar. Another important contemporary music in Nigeria is Afro-Beat, pioneered by Fela Kuti. It combines the important dance music of West Africa, high-life, jazz, and traditional Nigerian music, and uses brass instruments that suit Western tastes. The lyrics have a strong connotation of social reform and oppose the military dictatorship. Cape Verde Cape Verde, located off the coast of West Africa, is best known for its lyrical music morna. There are different opinions on its origin. One theory is that it is a sailor belt from the British Isles. The lyrical songs are similar in taste to Brazil's modinha and Portugal's fado. Some even believe that fado and morna share the same source, and they all come from black slave farms in S?o Tomé and Príncipe and other places.

Before the invasion of electronic instruments, morna music accompaniment was usually composed of a string band. Common instruments were guitar, violin, bass, plus piano, and occasionally accordion. The most distinctive instrument was the Portuguese ukulele cavaquinho, and the twelve-string Bass guitar. Nowadays, commonly used instruments include trumpet, saxophone, electric guitar, clarinet, piano, electronic synthesized instruments, etc. In addition to the sentimental tunes, the biggest feature of morna music is that every song is a poem. Currently, several morna poetry collections have been published in the music industry. The most well-known morna singer is Cesaria Evora, known as the "Barefoot Red Ling". South Africa South Africa's contemporary music is very complex, with the most influential being jive, iscathamiya, and neo-zulu. Jive music was born in the 1920s. The earliest form was based on simple three chords, integrating traditional South African ballads with the latest American pop music. It was called marabi at the time, and it was not until the 1960s that it was renamed jive. Marabi in different eras emphasize different main instruments, so there are differences such as violin jive, pennywhistle jive, and sax jive. Since the 1960s, sax jive has undergone many improvements and changes, and has begun to emphasize traditional African harmony, splitting the alto part into two parts, forming a gorgeous and thick five-part harmony, paired with a roaring sub-bass singer and energetic dance. Forming the most representative mbaqanga music today. In addition to jive, South Africa's sotho, zulu, and xhosa tribes have also innovated traditional music to form so-called new songs, among which neo-zulu music is the most distinctive. During the apartheid era in South Africa, the men's a cappella singing competition held in the mine workers' dormitories also transformed from mbubu to isikhwla, cothoza mfana, and finally iscathamiya, sweeping the world with gorgeous harmonies and compactly choreographed songs and dances. The most representative The group is Lady ***ith Black Mambzo.

Reference: tree *** usic/article/africa_01